Among 14 & 6 positive spikes, 6 Hz positive spikes have two variants: WHAM (waking, high amplitude, anterior, male), which is associated with epilepsy, and FOLD (female, occipital, low amplitude, drowsy), which is not.

2024年10月15日 · Identify benign electroencephalogram (EEG) variants, including their characteristics and prevalence, to ensure accurate interpretation of EEG findings. Implement standardized protocols for electroencephalogram interpretation that include guidelines for recognizing and categorizing benign variants.

2012年11月26日 · The pattern of 6/second phantom spike-and-waves observed in this young woman is termed FOLD (female, occipital, low-amplitude spike, and drowsy). 1 This rare and benign EEG finding should not be mistaken for epileptiform discharges. 1 The other variant, WHAM (waking, high-amplitude spike, anterior, male), might transiently impair cognition and ...

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This is the posterior variant sometimes referred to as the FOLD (female occipical low-amplitude drowsiness) subtype. An anterior variant known as WHAM (wake high-amplitude male) subtype has also been described (not shown).

2019年3月2日 · Benign (normal) EEG variants are spiky or rhythmic activity in EEG that do not have clinical significance. Benign variants mostly occur during drowsy and light-sleep stage. Spiky benign variants are: 14 and 6 positive spikes, generalized max posterior temporal, 12–20 years of age, drowsy state

2018年2月20日 · In the present study, we propose an approach that automatically decides the location of fNIRS optodes from a set of predefined positions with the aim of maximizing the anatomical specificity to...

There are bilaterally symmetrical diffuse tiny spikes with prominent wave components (“mitten-like” morphology) in seconds 3 through 6 below. Longitudinal bipolar montage. This is the posterior variant sometimes referred to as the FOLD (female occipital low-amplitude drowsiness) subtype. Copyright ©2016 by American Epilepsy Society.

2024年3月4日 · Summary Table of Selected Normal Variants. FOLD, Female whose pattern has an Occipital emphasis, Low in amplitude, and seen in the Drowsy record; WHAM, Waking record, High in amplitude, Anterior in location and especially in Males.

2025年2月25日 · This chapter provides a concise overview of normal Electroencephalography (EEG) patterns and their clinical significance. Topics covered include the characteristic waveforms and frequencies seen in normal EEG recordings, sleep-related changes, benign EEG variants, artifacts, and activation procedures.