Gorbachev's reforms were gradualist and maintained many of the macroeconomic aspects of the planned economy (including price controls, inconvertibility of the ruble, exclusion of private property ownership, and the government monopoly over most means of production).

2010年4月14日 · Perestroika, the series of political and economic reforms meant to revive the stagnant 1980s economy of the Soviet Union, was developed by Mikhail Gorbachev.

Relatively young by comparison (he was the first leader to have been born after the Russian Revolution), Gorbachev was quite literally a fresh-faced reformer. Determined to re-energise the Soviet economy after years of stagnation, he initiated a policy known as ‘perestroika’.

3 天之前 · Gorbachev launched glasnost (“openness”) as the second vital plank of his reform efforts. He believed that the opening up of the political system—essentially, democratizing it—was the only way to overcome inertia in the political and bureaucratic apparatus, which had a big interest in maintaining the status quo.

Perestroika, program instituted in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s to restructure Soviet economic and political policy.

2025年3月7日 · Both as general secretary and as president, Gorbachev supported democratic reforms. He enacted policies of (“openness”) and (“restructuring”), and he pushed for disarmament and demilitarization in eastern Europe. Gorbachev’s policies ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990–91.

2022年2月20日 · From the mid to late 1980s, the newly appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev implemented revolutionary reforms of the Soviet Union: Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness).

Domestic policy in the Gorbachev era was conducted primarily under three programs, whose names became household words: perestroika (“rebuilding” or “restructing”), glasnost (“public voicing” or “openness”), and demokratizatsiya (democratization).

2022年9月13日 · Gorbachev’s domestic reforms were a mixture of politics and economics. The central motif was a new social contract based on using political liberalisation to improve workers’ morale and win public support for economic reforms.

He aimed to carry out a root-and-branch reform of the Soviet system, the bureaucratic inertia of which constituted an obstacle to economic reconstruction (‘perestroika’), and, at the same time, to liberalise the regime and introduce transparency (‘glasnost’), i.e. a certain freedom of expression and information.