2005年12月1日 · This article aims to introduce these HFCs in commercial uses and environmental hazards (i.e., global warming, photochemical potential, flammability safety, environmental partition and ecotoxicity). Further, the updated data on the human toxicity, occupational exposure and health risk of these HFCs (esp., HFC-134a) are addressed in this review ...

This article aims to introduce these HFCs in commercial uses and environmental hazards (i.e., global warming, photochemical potential, flammability safety, environmental partition and ecotoxicity). Further, the updated data on the human toxicity, occupational exposure and health risk of these HFCs (esp., HFC-134a) are addressed in this review ...

HFC-134a has low acute toxicity via the inhalation route. Its approximate lethal concentration (ALC) in rats is 567,000 ppm following 4 hr of inhalation exposure. Silber and Kennedy (1979a) exposed six groups of rats (each group containing six animals) to HFC-134a at concentrations ranging from approximately 80,000 ppm to 653,000 ppm.

2005年3月17日 · Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) are being used as third generation replacements to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) because of their nearly zero stratospheric ozone depletion …

Under the amendment, countries commit to cut the production and consumption of HFCs by more than 80% over the next 30 years to avoid more than 70 billion metric tonnes of CO 2 equivalent emissions by 2050. HFCs are entirely human-made.

HFC-134a has a very low acute inhalation toxicity. Both uptake and elimination are rapid, but uptake is low, and most of the compound is exhaled unchanged. Consequences of acute HFC-134a inhalation have been studied with human subjects and several animal species, including the monkey, dog, rat, and mouse.

2006年1月1日 · Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are being used as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that cause significantly stratospheric ozone depletion...

HFC-134a, also known as tetra-fluoroethane, is a low toxicity, non-flammable, zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant with a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430 per AR4 [1].

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are being used as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluoro-carbons (HCFCs) that cause significantly stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming.

As an acid or as a salt TFA is low to moderately toxic to a range of organisms. Based on current projections of future use of HCFCs and HFCs, the amount of TFA formed in the troposphere from substances regulated under the MP is too small to be a risk to …