2023年8月4日 · The liver plays a key role in the metabolism of drugs. The liver carries out phase 1 and phase 2 reactions to chemically alter drugs, making them more water-soluble.

2017年1月1日 · Dysfunction of liver signaling and metabolism can cause metabolic liver disease such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or type 2 diabetes. In this chapter, we will summarize fundamental hepatic metabolic processes under normal and diseases conditions.

Ketone bodies provide a metabolic fuel for extrahepatic tissues. Liver metabolic processes are tightly regulated by neuronal and hormonal systems. The sympathetic system stimulates, whereas the parasympathetic system suppresses, hepatic gluconeogenesis.

In this review we will describe recent advances in our understanding of how insulin and glucagon regulate liver metabolism under normal physiology as well as under pathophysiological conditions such as T2D. Insulin regulates HGP both directly and indirectly.

2023年2月28日 · In the metabolism of carbohydrates, the liver helps to ensure that the level of sugar in your blood (blood glucose) stays constant. If your blood sugar levels increase, for example after a meal, the liver removes sugar from blood supplied by the portal vein and stores it in the form of glycogen.

Hepatocytes are metabolic overachievers in the body. They play critical roles in synthesizing molecules that are utilized elsewhere to support homeostasis, in converting molecules of one type to another, and in regulating energy balances.

2023年5月1日 · Due to its high perfusion, zone I plays a large role in oxidative metabolisms such as beta-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, bile formation, cholesterol formation, and amino acid catabolism. Zone II is defined as the pericentral region of the hepatocytes, and zone II sits between zones I and III.

2017年1月1日 · The liver plays a central role in metabolism of the body with hepatocytes carrying out most of the function. It metabolizes beneficial and harmful compounds and endogenous and exogenous compounds. This chapter summarizes the major metabolic functions of the liver into four categories: carbohydrate metabolism , lipid and fatty acid metabolism ...

Ketone bodies provide a metabolic fuel for extrahepatic tissues. Liver energy metabolism is tightly regulated by neuronal and hormonal signals. The sympathetic system stimulates, whereas the parasympathetic system suppresses, hepatic gluconeogenesis.

The overall aim of hepatic drug metabolism is to produce a more water soluble compound to facilitate the excretion of the drug in body fluids such as urine and bile, the primary routes of drug excretion. Very few drugs are excreted without being metabolised e.g. vancomycin.