The singular advantage of endoluminal treatment lies in its ability to address underlying carotid dysplasia by re-creating the deficient vessel wall. Images of DSA and 3D-DSA, demonstrating a classic ophthalmic aneurysm, projecting upward from the ICA just distal to the typical intradural, superomedial origin ophthalmic artery.

DSA全称是Digital Subtraction Angiography，即数字减影-血管造影，是一种血管显影的手段。 DSA不仅仅是针对冠状动脉的，颅脑血管、主动脉、冠状动脉都可以用到DSA技术。

2023年1月2日 · There is a problem diagnosing carotid dissection versus pseudo-obstruction. In a study in which the CTA-findings were compared to tDSA (golden standard for carotid lesions), the results showed that there was a high accuracy in diagnosing atherosclerotic occlusions and high grade stenoses of the internal carotid artery.

2023年1月1日 · Acute intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion can mimic an extracranial affectation on Computed Tomography angiography (CTA). This fact could be explained by the extension of the thrombus in the ICA concerning its arterial branches. This study aims to determine how this factor may influence imaging findings.

1938年，德国学者Fisher E，在他的经典之作中首次创立了包括ICA、ACA和MCA在内的颅内动脉分段体系，以数字序号标记，以它们的分叉部作为三者分段的起点，依据的是DSA血管的走行和分支特点。

2016年12月11日 · To better visualize the ICA bifurcation or the anterior communicating artery complex, an ipsilateral transorbital oblique is recommended.

A new model-free optical flow technique was tested reliably on the ICA. DSA-based blood flow velocity measurements were essentially validated with Doppler sonography whenever the conditions of measurable pulsatility were achieved (injection rates = 1.5 and 2.0 mL/s).

2004年10月28日 · Background and Purpose— Clinical trials have shown that carotid endarterectomy reduces stroke risk in symptomatic individuals with severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. As a result of these trials, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) became a standard of reference for ICA stenosis diagnosis.

选择性冠脉造影术，也就是DSA，曾是诊断冠心病的”金标准" (目前有研究认为，冠脉内超声显像更好)。 较之 冠脉CTA，选择性冠脉造影术诊断更为准确，但是后者属于有创检查，会行 桡动脉 或股东脉穿刺，价格也更为昂贵。

2021年6月1日 · Pseudoaneurysms (PSAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are caused by multiple etiological factors and can involve any segment. There are no clear guidelines to select treatment options in managing these cases. A retrospective review of all patients treated for ICA PSAs by endovascular treatment was conducted.