2024年2月3日 · Learn about the Iron Law of Oligarchy, a theory in sociology that explains the concentration of power in social organizations. Explore its definition, origins, implications, and examples. Discover how to resist and reform oligarchy within organizations to promote inclusivity and democracy.

2024年7月22日 · The Iron Law of Oligarchy emerged from Michels’ observations of political parties and labor unions in early 20th century Europe. During this period, many organizations were founded on democratic principles and aimed to promote workers’ rights and social justice .

The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory first developed by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book Political Parties. [1] It asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy , is inevitable as an "iron law" within any democratic organization as part of the "tactical and technical necessities" of the organization.

The iron law of oligarchy contends that organizational democracy is an oxymoron. Although elite control makes internal democracy unsustainable, it is also said to shape the long-term development of all organizations—including the rhetorically most radical—in a …

Building on the term oligarchy, a system in which many are ruled by a few, sociologist Robert Michels (1876–1936) coined the term the iron law of oligarchy to refer to how organizations come to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite.

2023年10月17日 · Dive deep into the concepts of Robert Michels’ Iron Law of Oligarchy and Vilfredo Pareto’s Lions and Foxes theory, exploring the mechanics of power and control within organizations and societies. Learn how these enduring sociological theories illuminate the intricacies of modern-day power dynamics, elite control, and the oscillation of ...

2020年5月21日 · The greatest theorist of modern oligarchy is Robert Michels (1876–1936). It is he who, in his classic 1911 text On the Sociology of the Party System in Modern Democracy, coined the phrase the “iron law of oligarchy” (Michels, 1962, p. 356).

The iron law of oligarchy, first given by Italian sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book "Political Parties," views that within any democratic organization, the ascendancy of an elite or oligarchy is an inescapable outcome, deemed an "iron law."

2018年5月17日 · Coined by the German sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 monograph Political Parties, the Iron Law of Oligarchy refers to the inbuilt tendency of all complex social organizations to turn bureaucratic and highly undemocratic.

2015年12月31日 · PDF | The iron law of oligarchy refers to a provocative and very influential theory posited by German social theorist, Robert Michels. In his seminal... | Find, read and cite all the research...