John Rawls - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2008年3月25日 · John Rawls (b. 1921, d. 2002) was an American political philosopher in the liberal tradition. His theory of justice as fairness describes a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights and cooperating within an egalitarian
Original Position - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2008年12月20日 · The original position is a central feature of John Rawls’s social contract account of justice, “justice as fairness,” set forth in A Theory of Justice (TJ). The original position is designed to be a fair and impartial point of view that is to be adopted in our reasoning about fundamental principles of justice.
John Rawls - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2008年3月25日 · Having surveyed Rawls's two principles of justice as fairness, we can return to begin Rawls's official argument for these two principles. This official argument is based on Rawls's interpretations of the central liberal ideas that citizens are free and equal and that society should be …
Distributive Justice - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1996年9月22日 · The most widely discussed theory of distributive justice in the past four decades has been that proposed by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice, (Rawls 1971), and Political Liberalism, (Rawls 1993). Rawls proposes the following two principles of justice:
Original Position > The Argument for the Difference Principle and …
Rawls’s arguments for the principles of justice from the original position are but the first stage of a “four-stage sequence.” Three further stages expand upon and elaborate the original position to apply these principles to determine the justice of legislation and social policies that affect the relevant basic social institutions.
Justice - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2017年6月26日 · John Rawls’ theory of justice is the most widely-cited example of a contractarian theory, but before outlining it, two words of caution are necessary. First, the shape of the theory has evolved from its first incarnation in Rawls (1958) through his major work A Theory of Justice (Rawls 1971) and on to Rawls (1993) and Rawls (2001).
Global Justice - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2015年3月6日 · In The Law of Peoples, John Rawls argues for eight principles that he believes should regulate international interactions of peoples. For Rawls, a “people” is constituted by a group of persons who have in common sufficient characteristics such as …
Reflective Equilibrium - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2023年11月27日 · John Rawls proposed to address these concerns through the method of reflective equilibrium. We first ensure that our judgments are considered, being made in circumstances appropriate for moral deliberation. We are then to consider general principles that might accommodate our set of considered judgments—and more than that, explain and extend ...
Justice and Bad Luck - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2005年6月20日 · John Rawls’ work explains why the concept of luck has had a central place in discussions of justice over the last 40 years. In an immensely influential section of his A Theory of Justice he introduced the metaphors of the social and natural lotteries (for a brief overview over Rawls’ appeal to luck and the legacy of this appeal, see Knight ...
Intergenerational Justice - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2003年4月3日 · John Rawls was the first to develop a systematic account of obligations to future people as a central element of a theory of justice (Rawls 1971, 1999, especially section 44; Rawls 1993: 274; Rawls 2001: especially sections 49.2 and 3).