In this comprehensive pictorial review, the most common and/or typical genetic, acquired metabolic/toxic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular and neoplastic pathologies affecting the central grey matter are subdivided according to the preferential location of the lesions: in the basal ganglia, in the thalami or both.

The term “basal ganglia” refers to caudate and lentiform nuclei, the latter composed of putamen and globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei and these deep gray matter structures belong to the extrapyramidal system. Many …

2016年1月31日 · Lesions to the Basal Ganglia. When damage is restricted to extrapyramidal tract, patients have NO paresis or neuropsychological impairments; Characteristic features of basal ganglia (i.e., extrapyramidal) injury involve the following involuntary movement disorders:

Lesions in the basal ganglia or the cerebellum show distinctly different motor symptoms and signs either by neurodegenerative diseases or local lesions by trauma, neoplasm, or vascular disorders. However, in various movement disorders with affects of the basal ganglia, an increase in metabolic activity in the cerebellum has been reported recently.

2025年2月14日 · Basal ganglia and thalamus signal abnormalities occur in a wide variety of conditions. Ischemia/hypoxia, metabolic disorders and toxins, particularly those that affect the respiratory chain, have a predilection for affecting the basal ganglia as they are highly metabolically active.

There are three neurotransmitters that play a role in normal and pathological functioning of the basal ganglia: Glutamate, GABA, and Dopamine. We can divide the basal ganglia circuit up into inputs and outputs.

These lesions and associated symptoms give us insight into the complex pathways within the basal ganglia that have not been fully explored. A comprehensive investigation exploring damaged basal ganglia will allow us to elucidate potential causes of psychosis and hallucinations and open up new avenues of pharmacotherapy targeting the neural ...

2024年11月10日 · The basal ganglia are a group of grey matter nuclei located deep within the brain that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalami and brainstem. Whilst very widely used in English, the term 'basal ganglia' is actually a misnomer, as a ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system.

The basal ganglia and thalami are paired deep grey matter structures with extensive metabolic activity that renders them susceptible to injury by various diseases. Most pathological processes lead to bilateral lesions, which may be symmetric or …

2023年10月30日 · The basal ganglia consist of five pairs of nuclei: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. These nuclei are grouped into broader clusters; The function of the basal ganglia is to fine-tune the voluntary movements.