Plasma lipoprotein particles are commonly divided into five main classes, based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoprotein content: HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL and chylomicrons. Subgroups of these plasma particles are primary drivers or modulators of atherosclerosis .

Lipoprotein structures: Lipoproteins are spherical (VLDL, LDL, HDL) to discoidal (nascent HDL) in shape with a core of non-polar lipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters, and a surface monolayer, ~20Å thick, consisting of apoproteins, phospholipids and non-esterified cholesterol, which serves to obscure the hydrophobic lipids and ...

lipoprotein, any member of a group of substances containing both lipid (fat) and protein. They occur in both soluble complexes—as in egg yolk and mammalian blood plasma —and insoluble ones, as in cell membranes.

2024年1月14日 · Plasma lipoproteins can be divided into seven classes based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoproteins (chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, VLDL, VLDL remnants (IDL), LDL, HDL, and Lp (a)). Chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and Lp (a) are all pro-atherogenic while HDL is anti-atherogenic.

Lipoprotein (a) is synthesized in the liver and its plasma concentration, which can be determined by use of monoclonal antibody-based methods, ranges from < 1 mg to > 1,000 mg/dL. Lipoprotein (a) levels over 20-30 mg/dL are associated with a two …

2025年1月17日 · Lipoproteins are assemblies composed of lipids and proteins, forming a spherical structure that facilitates their function in the body. At the core of these particles lie hydrophobic lipids, such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, shielded from the aqueous environment by a monolayer of amphipathic molecules.

2002年1月1日 · The assembly, structure, metabolism, and receptor interactions of lipoproteins are determined by their apolipoprotein components while the principal functions of the lipoprotein classes are determined by their apolipoprotein and lipid components.

2008年1月1日 · Major lipoprotein classes (CM, VLDL, LDL, HDL) based on their density. Lipoprotein diameters range from about 6000 Å for CM to 70 Å for HDL. The outer shell (~20 Å) of all lipoproteins consists of apolipoproteins, unesterified cholesterol, and phospholipids; the spherical core contains triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters.

2008年1月1日 · This chapter illustrates the composition and structure of human lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are soluble complexes of proteins and lipids that transport lipids in the circulation of all vertebrates and even insects.

2008年9月17日 · The focus of this review is the molecular structure of LDL, with special emphasis on its protein moiety, apoB100. Recent advances in, obstacles to and challenges in LDL structure determination and, finally, the prospects for future research activities to solve the structural features of LDL are presented and discussed.