TB strains may be susceptible or resistant to isoniazid (i.e. MDR-TB), or resistant to other first-line TB medicines (polyresistant) or second-line TB medicines (e.g. extensively drug-resistant [XDR]-TB). In these guidelines and elsewhere, MDR-TB and …

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by bacteria that do not respond to, at least, isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB medicines.

Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): TB caused by M.tb strains that are resistant to both H and R with or without resistance to other first-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB patients also include subsets of Pre-XDR and XDR TB. Presumptive TB: This refers to a person with any of the symptoms/ signs or chest X-ray Abnormality suggestive of TB.

Fourth, diagnosing MDR-TB cases among previously treated patients and providing effective treatment will greatly help in halting the spread of MDR-TB. This edition also addresses the prevention of acquired MDR-TB, especially among new TB patients who already have isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis when they start treatment.

In multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) patients on longer regimens, all three Group A agents and at least one Group B agent should be included to ensure that treatment starts with at least four TB agents likely to be effective and that at least three agents are included for the rest of the treatment if bedaquiline is stop...

About 410,000 new cases of multidrug-resistant1 or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) were estimated to occur in 2022. While all of these would have been eligible for a second-line TB treatment regimen, only 175,650 enrolments on treatment were reported by …

Fig. 2.4.2 Number of people diagnosed with MDR/RR-TB (blue) and enrolled on treatment for MDR/RR-TB (red), 2010–2022, 30 high MDR/RR-TB burden countries Globally, the cumulative total number of people reported as enrolled on treatment for MDR/RR-TB from 2018 to 2022 was 824 988, only 55% of the 5-year target (2018–2022) of 1.5 million that ...

Globally, MDR/RR-TB caused an estimated 160 000 (95% UI: 98 000–220 000) deaths in 2022. The reason why the number of people developing MDR/RR-TB is not estimated to have increased from 2020–2022, in contrast to the number of people developing TB overall (Section 1.1), is that increases in the overall number of people developing TB have been compensated for by an estimated downward trend ...

Case Definitions for MDR-TB and XDR-TB .....107 16.3. Data Collection Tools and Flow of Information ..................................................................109

The BPaL regimen for MDR-TB with additional fluoroquinolone resistance Recommendation 4.1 A treatment regimen lasting 6-9 months composed of bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) may be used under operational research conditions in MDR-TB patients with TB that