Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains 37 genes that encode 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) [2] (Figure 1). Figure 1. Map of the human mitochondrial genome.

2020年8月28日 · Twenty-two species of mitochondrial (mt-)tRNAs encoded in mtDNA translate essential subunits of the respiratory chain complexes. mt-tRNAs contain post-transcriptional modifications introduced...

2020年8月19日 · Translation of mitochondrial messenger RNA (mt-mRNA) is performed by distinct mitoribosomes comprising at least 36 mitochondria-specific proteins. How these mitoribosomal proteins assist in the binding of mt-mRNA and to what extent they are involved in the translocation of transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) is …

Once transcribed, mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) is processed, mito-ribosomes are assembled, and mtDNA-encoded proteins belonging to the respiratory chain are synthesized.

2023年5月11日 · 研究表明，5-牛磺酸甲基尿嘧啶核苷（5-taurinomethyluridine，τm 5 U）修饰只存在于高等真核生物mt-tRNA第34位，能够调节密码子和反密码子相互作用的精确性，控制翻译的速度和保真性。

2025年3月10日 · Recent methodological developments have enabled the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in large-scale cohorts and highlight the far-reaching impact of mitochondrial genetic variation....

2025年1月2日 · In humans, ELAC2 carries out 3′ end processing of both nucleus-encoded (nu-tRNAs) and mitochondria-encoded (mt-tRNAs) tRNAs. ELAC2 is self-sufficient for processing of nu-tRNAs but requires...

2024年12月25日 · MT-RNR1 (Mitochondrially Encoded 12S RRNA) is an RNA Gene, and is affiliated with the rRNA class. Diseases associated with MT-RNR1 include Rare Mitochondrial Non-Syndromic Sensorineural Deafness and Deafness, Nonsyndromic Sensorineural, Mitochondrial. Among its related pathways is Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity Pathway, Adverse Drug …

Polycistronic RNA initiating from H1 starts upstream of MT-TF, the gene encoding mt-tRNA Phe and has a defined termination site within MT-TL1 (mt-tRNA Leu(UUR)). The longer transcription unit initiates at H2, close to the start of MT-RNR1 (gene encoding the 12 S mt-tRNA) and extends throughout the entire downstream coding region of the genome.

Human (mammalian) mtDNA encodes 13 essential subunits of the inner membrane complex responsible for OXPHOS. These mRNAs are translated by the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery, which uses the 22 species of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt tRNAs) encoded by mtDNA.