There are two types of MTD: Primary MTD — The muscles in the neck are tense when talking but there is no abnormality in the larynx (voice box). Secondary MTD — In this type, there is an abnormality in the voice box that causes other muscles to compensate and help produce sounds.

Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) is a voice disorder of excess tension in the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles. Patients experience a rough and strained dysphonia and often times, pain associated with voice use. Diagnosis is based largely on history, fiberoptic exam findings, perceptual and acoustic voice analysis.

Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is a condition of hoarseness or other symptoms related to voice production, which occurs as a result of inappropriate use of the muscles around the larynx during speech or singing. MTD may occur on its own, called primary MTD - or as a result of another underlying disorder, called secondary MTD.

Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) was originally coined in 1983 by Morrison [2] and describes a dysphonia caused by increased muscle tension of the muscles surrounding the voice box: the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles. [3] MTD is a unifying diagnosis for a previously poorly categorized disease process.

2011年3月1日 · Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is a clinical and diagnostic term describing a spectrum of disturbed vocal fold behavior caused by increased tension of the (para)laryngeal musculature. Recent knowledge introduced MTD as a bridge between functional and …

There are two types of MTD: Primary MTD — In this type, the muscles in your neck are tense when you use your voice but there is no abnormality in the larynx (voice box). Secondary MTD — In this type, there is an abnormality in the voice box that causes you to over-use other muscles to help produce your voice.

Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) The term “muscle tension dysphonia” is a general term for an imbalance in the coordination of the muscles and breathing patterns needed to create a voice. This imbalance can be seen without any anatomical abnormality (primary MTD) or in the presence of an anatomical abnormality (secondary MTD).

2024年8月17日 · Depending on the laryngeal structures and the muscle groups involved, the following four subtypes of MTD have often been recommended [4, 6]. MTD type I (MTD I) is often manifested as a laryngeal isometric contraction with posterior glottic chink. MTD type II (MTD II) corresponds to the lateral-medial (L-M) compression of the ventricular folds.

2019年9月1日 · Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is generally diagnosed through clinical history and physical examination. Several diagnostic or classification systems exist, such as those of Van Lawrence, Morrison-Rammage, and Koufman, that delineate MTD and distinguish subtypes on the basis of laryngoscopic features.

2024年11月1日 · Secondary MTD (MTD-2) refers to laryngeal or extra-laryngeal muscle activity that coexists with or compensates for underlying mucosal dysfunction or glottic insufficiency. 6,10,12 Both types of MTD are typically characterized as involving effortful vocalization, vocal fatigue, and pain or irritation in the throat, often accompanied by dysphonia....