We review this evidence, evaluate methodological approaches, and identify critical gaps in the existing literature, highlighting how neuroimaging-guided TMS protocols offer a promising therapeutic avenue for adolescent TRD, particularly in cases where conventional treatments have proven ineffective.

In major depressive disorder (MDD), 7T imaging revealed enhanced sensitivity of detecting mood‐related neurocircuit disturbances. Centre: in multiband imaging, multiple slices are acquired simultaneously (color coded here), allowing an increase in temporal or spatial resolution in the same scanning time.

经颅磁刺激（tanscranial magnetic stimulation, TMS）是一种非侵入式 神经调控技术，通过线圈的磁场快速变化产生电流兴奋或抑制神经元活动，从而实现对大脑皮层的直接刺激。 TMS具有无创、安全、耐受性好等优点，广泛应用于抑郁症、强迫症（obsessive compulsive disorder, OCD）、疼痛、卒中等疾病的临床应用研究 [1]。 美国食品和药物管理局 已批准TMS用于重度抑郁症（major depressive disorder, MDD）和OCD的治疗 [2]。 根据刺激脉冲不同，可将TMS分为单 脉冲磁 …

TMS for MDD starts with motor threshold (MT) determination, which calibrates the stimulator to an individual’s cortical excitability. During MT determination, a clinician delivers single pulse TMS to the motor cortex, and records the amount of stimulator output necessary to induce movement in the contralateral hand in 50% of delivered pulses.

2021年11月15日 · Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established, safe, and efficacious treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that can alleviate symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression (3 scalp, typically at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which induces electrical stimulation in underlying ...

2025年2月14日 · This review examines the convergence of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a tool to examine how TMS modulates functional connectivity in adolescents with MDD. Such analyses have led to advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD, TRD, and the mechanisms of TMS.

2015年8月11日 · Here we outline the protocol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Technicians used a neuronavigation system to process patient MRIs to generate a 3-dimensional head model.

2019年10月9日 · 本研究中招募了ptsd与mdd共病患者，并采集了tms治疗前后的静息态mri数据。 该方法旨在提供临床实践中常见的患者群体对TMS治疗受益的数据，并且排除根据单一疾病诊断标准选择参与者的研究。

2023年1月1日 · Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)—the most commonly used noninvasive neurostimulation method—employs a generator which produces brief, high-intensity currents that travel through a wire coil positioned over the head to …

2024年12月31日 · Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive option for TRD in adults as well as adolescents, offering hope for patients who have not responded to conventional therapies.