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  1. Copilot 答案
    尼古拉·瓦西里耶维奇·果戈里-亚诺夫斯基,或按乌克兰语译米科拉·瓦西廖维奇·霍霍里-亚诺夫斯基,乌克兰裔俄罗斯作家,生于现在的乌克兰大索罗钦齐的一个哥萨克家庭。他自幼爱好文学,深受启蒙运动的影响。1831年发表的《狄康卡近乡夜话》使他受到了亚历山大·普希金的赞誉。1836年,他的讽刺喜剧《钦差大臣》上演,在这部作品中,他用幽默的笔调和有力的讽刺手法,使俄国喜剧艺术发生了重大转折。1842年,《死魂灵》一出版,就“震撼了整个俄罗斯”,成为俄罗斯文学走向独创性和民族性的重要标志。别林斯基称他为继亚历山大·普希金之后的“文坛盟主”、“诗人的魁首”。而整个19世纪40年代也被车尔尼雪夫斯基称为“果戈里时期”。1847年,他发表了《与友人书信选》,公开表示对以前所有作品的忏悔。1852年,他在严重的东正教狂热中去世。果戈里是俄国现实主义文学的奠基人之一,也是“自然派”的创始人。
    Early life

    Gogol was born in the Ukrainian Cossack town of Sorochyntsi, in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. His mother was descended from Leonty Kosyarovsky, an officer of the Lubny Regiment in … 展开

    Literary development

    His stay in St. Petersburg forced Gogol to make a certain decision regarding his self-identification. It was a period of turmoil; the November Uprising in the lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth led to a rise of … 展开

    Later life

    After the triumph of Dead Souls, Gogol's contemporaries came to regard him as a great satirist who lampooned the unseemly sides of Imperial Russia. They did not know that Dead Souls was but the first part of a planned modern … 展开

    Death

    Exaggerated ascetic practices undermined his health and he became deeply depressed. On the night of 24 February 1852, he burned some of his manuscripts, which contained most of the second part of Dead Souls. He … 展开

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