2021年3月25日 · To understand the transcriptional response to GLP-1RA administration, we randomized diet-induced obese (DIO) male mice into four groups: (1) semaglutide-administered, (2)...

Stereotaxic surgery to target brain sites in mice commonly involves access through the skull bones and is guided by skull landmarks. Here we outline an alternative stereotaxic approach to target the caudal brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord via the cisterna magna that relies on direct visualization of brainstem landmarks.

We have developed a mouse model of headache, using dural application of capsaicin along with a mixture of inflammatory mediators (IScap) to simulate the induction of a headache episode. This elicited intermittent head-directed wiping and scratching as well as the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in trigeminal ganglion neurons.

2019年12月4日 · Here we use retrograde tracing with cholera toxin subunit b to show that the cNTS in male and female mice receives axonal inputs similar to those reported in rats. Monosynaptic and polysynaptic inputs specific to cNTS PPG neurons were revealed using Cre-conditional pseudorabies and rabies viruses.

2015年4月8日 · Glass electrodes (1 to 2 megohms) were inserted in the dorsal brainstem (~500-μm caudal from obex, ~500-μm depth) through an opening in the occipital bone using a micromanipulator visually guided by a surgical microscope. The meninges overlying the brainstem are thin and easily penetrated by the glass electrode.

The commissural (COM) subnucleus (Fig. 1F–H), initially described for the mouse by Ramón y Cajal , extends caudally from the obex, initially lying ventromedial to the PC subnucleus of the NST, and medial and dorsomedial to the distinctively larger, darker staining cells of the vagal motor (X) and hypoglossal (XII) nuclei. In the C57BL/6J ...

The 'Obex' is defined as the level where the collection of respiratory neurons known as the rVRG extends from in the ventrolateral medulla, according to the provided text. AI generated definition based on: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology , 2008

2018年10月20日 · The mouse NTS contains a small subpopulation of HSD2-immunoreactive neurons forming the same distribution in every brain (Fig. 1a–d). Their distribution parallels the distribution of Hsd11b2 mRNA (Fig. 1e–h). The HSD2 neurons appear at the obex, along the wall of the fourth ventricle (Fig. 1a).

2019年7月2日 · 摘要: 啮齿类动物双侧嗅球切除（olfactory bulbectomy，OBX）后产生一系列行为学和神经生化改变，这些改变能够模拟抑郁症患者的部分临床表现，慢性给予抗抑郁药能够逆转这些变化，急性给药无效。 OBX模型有较好的表观效度、结构效度和预测效度，被广泛应用于抑郁症发病机制的研究和抗抑郁药物的筛选。 此外，OBX模型与阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer's disease，AD）在行为学和病理改变方面有一些共同表现，如学习记忆能力的降低和 β -淀粉 …

2015年5月10日 · Stereotactic injection is a useful technique to deliver high titer lentiviruses to targeted brain areas in mice. Lentiviruses can either overexpress or knockdown gene expression in a relatively focused region without significant damage to the brain tissue. After recovery, the injected mouse can be t …