The Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF; Arabic: قوات الحشد الشعبي, romanized: Quwwāt al-Ḥashd ash-Shaʿbī), [49] also known as the Popular Mobilization Units (PMU), is an Iranian-backed paramilitary umbrella group [50] that operates within Iraq.

As PMF units are likely to shed their public use of unit names (for instance, Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada) in the near future, 140 the United States would be wise to always refer to such units using their brigade numbers, as this article has done, which may outlive their faction names. The most capable pro-Iran militias may not be the best known.

2023年4月5日 · This paper examines the PMF’s role during the 2022 post-election crisis, with an aim to shed light on its level of institutionalisation six years after its foundation. The paper focuses on armed clashes that took place inside Baghdad’s fortified Green Zone on 29–30 August 2022 between the PMF and rival forces led by Shiʿa cleric Moqtada ...

2018年10月1日 · However, the fact that armed Shia factions have united under one banner as the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) has been an unexpected development in Iraqi politics. Although adhering to the same school of Islamic thought, Shia groups affiliated with political parties and movements with deeply different teachings have operated as a functional ...

2017年10月31日 · The diverse makeup of the PMF’s 40 divisions – comprising more than 60,000 fighters – sheds light on many of Iraq’s sectarian tensions and its ambiguous political future.

2021年2月25日 · — Despite efforts from its senior leaders, the PMF is not a coherent, integrated organization. Instead, it remains a series of fluid and adaptive networks that vary in horizontal (leadership coherence) and vertical (ties to a social base) structure. Each network’s structure sheds light on its strategies, capabilities and connectivity to the ...

2023年6月3日 · Iraq’s 2023-2025 draft budget is yet to be ratified by parliament in its final form, but it is almost certain to include a major expansion of the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), the post-2014 security force led by chairman/president and U.S.-designated human rights abuser Faleh al-Fayyad, and operational chief and U.S.-designated terrorist Ab...

在 機率论 和 统计学 中， 機率质量函數 （probability mass function，简写作 pmf）是 离散随机變數 在各特定取值上的機率 [1]。 有时它也被称为离散密度函数。 機率密度函數通常是定义 离散機率分布 的主要方法，并且此类函数存在于其 定义域 是离散的 标量 變數或 多元随机變數 （英语：Multivariate random variable）。 機率质量函數 和 機率密度函数 的一个不同之处在于：機率质量函數是对 离散随机變數 定义的，本身代表该值的機率；機率密度函数本身不是機率，只有 …

The Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF), also referred to as the Popular Mobilisation Units (PMU) and al-Hashd al Shaabi, can be considered as a complex umbrella organisation, consisting of many different militias. Although the PMF fall officially under the command of Iraq’s prime minister, some prominent (Shia) militias answer directly to Iran.

PMF是指你的目标消费者稳步购买、使用并向他人推荐你的产品，从而使你的产品的市场价值和增长稳步上升。 《精益创业》 的作者 Eric Ries 提出，“PMF一词描述的是：一家初创公司最终找到与其产品产生共鸣的广泛客户群’的时刻”。 而产品和市场要达到良好的匹配有3个标准： 也就是说，PMF意味着你的产品满足了市场上尚未满足的客户需求，并且有人定期使用它并付费。 但是对于初创公司来说，真正能达到PMF的企业少之又少。 是因为很多人都忽视了一个问题： PMF始 …