The PTRS-41 (Russian: Противотанковое самозарядное ружьё образца 1941 года системы Симонова, romanized: Protivotankovoye samozaryadnoye ruzhyo obraztsa 1941 goda sistemy Simonova, lit. 'Anti-tank-self-loading gun pattern 1941, Simonov system') [4] is a World War II-era semi-automatic anti-tank rifle firing the 14.5×114mm cartridge.

Here we find that pTRS1 enhances internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity using a novel circular RNA reporter that lacks an mRNA cap and poly (A) tail. Additionally, pTRS1 expression increases the activity of cellular IRESs that control the expression of proteins needed for efficient HCMV replication.

Mar 28, 2016 · We have identified inhibition of the antiviral kinase PKR by the viral proteins TRS1 and IRS1 and shown that this is a critical step in HCMV replication. Our results suggest that inhibiting pTRS1 and pIRS1 function or restoring PKR activity during infection may be a successful strategy to limit HCMV disease.

Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) produced during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection activate the antiviral kinase protein kinase R (PKR), which potently inhibits virus replication. The HCMV pTRS1 and pIRS1 proteins antagonize PKR to promote HCMV protein synthesis and replication; however, the mechanism by which pTRS1 inhibits PKR is unclear.

Mar 28, 2016 · In this study, we found that expression of either pTRS1 or pIRS1 is necessary to prevent PKR activation during HCMV infection and that antagonism of PKR is critical for efficient viral replication.

The virus-coded proteins pIRS1 and pTRS1 were found associated with purified human cytomegalovirus virions. The proteins were not degraded when intact virions were treated with trypsin, which suggests that they are localized inside the viral ...

pTRS1 expressed by cell-free translation or infection binds dsRNA. Since previous work determined that TRS1 can complement E3L function in restoring the host cell range of VVΔE3L replication (11), we tested the hypothesis that pTRS1, like pE3L, is a dsRNA-binding protein.

Feb 24, 2004 · More recently, pTRS1 and pIRS1 have been shown to block the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R response pathway, an antiviral pathway that shuts down protein synthesis in infected cells (5).

Feb 14, 2017 · Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) produced during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection activate the antiviral kinase protein kinase R (PKR), which potently inhibits virus replication. The HCMV pTRS1 and pIRS1 proteins antagonize PKR to promote HCMV protein synthesis and replication; however, the mechan …

RS1 and pIRS1 is critical for viral protein expression and efficient HCMV replication. IMPORTANCE To. successfully replicate, viruses must counteract host defenses that limit viral protein synthesis. We have identified inhibition of the antiviral kinase P.