Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP) was described by Yannuzzi and co-workers as a distinct form of neovascular Age-Related Degeneration (AMD). Disease RAP is a neovascularization that starts at the retina and progresses posteriorly into sub retinal space; eventually the neovascularization reaches the choroidal circulation and forms retinal ...

RAP is now considered a well-established neovascular phenotype of AMD, with distinct clinical and epidemiologic features, most likely due to genetic differences still not completely understood (46). Environmental risk factors such as age and arterial hypertension have been associated with the development of both RAP and typical exudative AMD (47) .

2003年7月23日 · The most common clinical features of RAP include retinal and preretinal hemorrhages as well as pigment epithelial detachments. The intraretinal blood in this form of CNV is often small in nature and may be in multiple locations. Accurate and early diagnosis of RAP is important when considering the available treatment modalities.

Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a unique variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Published studies have estimated that up to 15% of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration have RAP. Clinical features frequently associated with …

2022年9月14日 · Type 3 MNV, also known as retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), is characterised by anomalous vascular complexes originating in the neuroretinal layers .

视网膜血管瘤样增生（retinal angiomatous proliferation，RAP）是一种早期表现为黄斑中心凹外视网膜内核层毛细血管瘤样增生，邻近毛细血管扩张并向视网膜下异常生长，最终与脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization，CNV）吻合的新生血管损害形式。

Stage 2 RAP is determined by the extension of IRN into the subretinal space, with or without PED. Stage 3 RAP has IRN and CNV connecting via retinochoroidal anastomosis. The definitive diagnosis of RAP is based on fundus examination, OCT, and angiographic findings.

2019年5月28日 · 亚洲n-AMD人群中，约4.5%-11.1%患者被诊断为RAP（retinal angiomatous proliferation, 视网膜血管瘤样增生） 。RAP是nAMD的一种特殊形式，其新生血管来源于视网膜， 向RPE的上方和下方生长， 最终与脉络膜来源的新生血管融合（RAP的分期见Fig.1）。

2009年12月16日 · Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a somewhat rare finding that can lead to a form of end-stage, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in response to chronic surrounding tissue ischemia. RAP represents the development and formation of a distinctive shunt vasculature originating from the outer retina potentially communicating with ...

Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) or type 3 neovascularization, is a subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by intraretinal new vessels that can penetrate in the subretinal space and then eventually grow into the subretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) space.