Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2, also known as SMAD family member 2 or SMAD2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD2 gene. [5] [6] MAD homolog 2 belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma.

Smad蛋白（Smad是由线虫的Sma和果蝇的Mad缩写而来） 是TGF-β家族受体下游的信号转导分子[1,2]。在哺乳动物中有八个Smad蛋白, Smad1、 Smad1、 ...、 Smad8。 根据在TGF-β信号转导中的功能差异，它们被分为三类： 与其它跟许多激酶 - 底物反应一样， TGF- β I 型受体对 R-Smad 的磷酸化需要它们的直接结合。

2024年12月25日 · SMAD2 (SMAD Family Member 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SMAD2 include Loeys-Dietz Syndrome 6 and Congenital Heart Defects, Multiple Types, 8, With Or Without Heterotaxy. Among its related pathways are TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs and Gastrulation.

2024年12月3日 · 本研究通过RNA-seq、ChIP-seq、CUT&Tag、ATAC-seq、WGBS等分析揭示了Smad2/3在mESCs向EpiLCs转变过程中通过诱导Dnmt3b表达来调控DNA甲基化模式，从而促进原始态多能性向始发态多能性的转变。同时还揭示了在Smad2/3缺失情况下，Smad4单独不能启动Epiblast特异性基因转录。

2016年2月24日 · Here, we show that Smad3 is an insensitive TGFβ transducer as compared with Smad2. Smad3 preferentially localizes within the nucleus and is thus sequestered from membrane signaling. The ability...

2018年2月28日 · The SMAD2 and SMAD3 protein interactome links TGFβ signalling to diverse effectors including m6A methyltransferase, which has a role in regulating differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.

2025年3月4日 · SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.

2020年4月1日 · The R-Smads, Smad2 and Smad3 have distinct roles in cell biology. Smad2 and 3 are activated by TGF-β and activin receptors, TβRI and ActRIIB, through phosphorylation of the carboxy terminal. Smad2 has a different function to Smad3 because a lack of Smad2 in the embryonic stage is lethal however a lack of Smad3 is not [34].

在SMAD2KO和SMAD3KO细胞中分别过表达SMAD2和SMAD3质粒，通过Western blotting检测SMAD2和SMAD3蛋白回补的效果，并利用实时定量PCR（real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR，qRT-PCR）检测SMAD蛋白回补后对分化过程中的ME关键因子EOMES、叉头框转录因子A2（forkhead...