2023年11月2日 · The sympathetic system activates numerous complex pathways to enable an adequate response to a threat or trauma. Some of these physical effects include faster breathing , increased heart rate and blood pressure, dilation of pupils , redirection of blood flow to important organs (e.g. brain and muscles), and increased sweating.

In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of signalling pathways underlying the development of the sympathetic nervous system. These findings have implications for unravelling the contribution of sympathetic dysfunction stemming, in part, from developmental perturbations to the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathies and cardiovascular ...

There are two kinds of neurons involved in the transmission of any signal through the sympathetic system: pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic. The shorter preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracolumbar division of the spinal cord specifically at T1 to L2~L3 , and travel to a ganglion , often one of the paravertebral ganglia , where they ...

In this paper, we review current information on β 2-AR traditional (canonical) and nontraditional (non-canonical) signal transduction pathways, then discuss the possibility that nontraditional signal pathways identified for β 2-ARs are involved in …

2023年5月8日 · The sympathetic nervous system is composed of many pathways that perform a variety of functions on various organ systems. The preganglionic neurons of the SANS arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord (T1 to L2) with the cell bodies distributed in four regions of the gray matter in the spinal cord bilaterally and symmetrically.

2025年1月20日 · Nerve signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Due to their highly responsive behavior and activation upon injury and cancer onset, this review specifically focuses on how sympathetic nerves rewire the TME.

2021年1月1日 · Primary and secondary lymphoid organs are innervated with sympathetic nerve fibres. Adrenergic receptor expression on immune and non-immune cells establishes a local neuroimmune communication system. Adrenergic receptor signalling in immune cells controls the differentiation and function of various immune cells.

2015年3月11日 · NE stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in immune cells activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) intracellular signaling pathway, a pathway that interfaces with other signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, differentiation, …

2009年11月1日 · Induction of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) from its neural crest (NC) precursors is dependent on BMP signaling from the dorsal aorta. To determine the roles of BMP signaling and the pathways involved in SNS development, we conditionally knocked out components of the BMP pathways.

2024年11月22日 · Sympathetic nervous system overactivation regulates M2 polarization in macrophages as an important neuroimmune mechanism of renal fibrosis. The β2-AR-Gsa signaling pathway was responsible for NE-induced macrophage M2 polarization, which may be a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.