Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.

Toll 样受体 4 （Toll-like receptor 4，TLR4）是由 Poltorak 等于 1998 年发现的 一种 I 型跨膜蛋白，其由 TLR4 基因编码，并表达于包括单核细胞，巨嗜细胞在内 的多种组织细胞中，可以识别革兰氏阴性细菌的 脂多糖 （lipopolysaccharide，LPS）， 并通过 NF-κB 或 JNK/SAPK 途径 ...

The stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of critical proinflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate potent immune responses. LPS/TLR4 signaling has been intensively studied in the past few years. Here we review molecules involved in TLR …

2024年1月22日 · 以下是tlr4的几个关键功能：识别lps： tlr4与共受体md-2结合，形成一个复合体，可以有效地识别和结合lps。 信号传导： 识别LPS后，TLR4复合体通过两种不同的途径传递信号：MyD88依赖性途径和TRIF依赖性途径。

2013年12月6日 · In this review, we summarize these structures and describe the structural basis of LPS recognition by LPS receptors and accessory proteins. In the initial phase of infection, the innate immune...

TLR4 has now been established as the receptor for LPS; however, in addition to this, TLR4 also recognizes lipoteichoic acid (LTA), fibronectin, the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and taxol, a plant diterpene structurally unrelated to LPS but exhibiting LPS-mimetic effects on murine cells. 8, 17, 22 – 24 The evidence that ...

1999年4月16日 · TLR4 is a member of the recently identified Toll-like receptor family of proteins and has been putatively identified as Lps, the gene necessary for potent responses to lipopolysaccharide in mammals.

TLRs are important receptors involved in innate immunity, and they can specifically identify and combine pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), triggering a series of signal transduction, which leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, eventually activates the adaptive immune system [4] [12].

1978年，James Watson首次提出小鼠体内可能存在控制LPS反应的特定基因，取名为Lps，认为该基因可能有两个等位基因：即Lpsd（defective response〉和Lpsn（normal response）。三种天然LPS低反应小鼠品系C3H /HeJ、C57BL/10ScCr和C57BL/10ScN的Lps等位基因为Lpsd，表现为对LPS刺激的耐受性。

2012年6月8日 · TLR2 plays a dual role in the induction of intracellular signals that impair MTAL function, both through cooperation with TLR4 to mediate ERK signaling by LPS and through a TLR4-independent signaling pathway activated by Gram-positive bacterial ligands.