Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is unique among TLRs in its ability to activate two distinct signalling pathways — one pathway is activated by the adaptors TIRAP (Toll/interleukin-1-receptor...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of pathogen-derived ligands and link adaptive immunity with the innate immunity.

2014年9月24日 · TRIF is recruited to TLR3 and TLR4 and promotes an alternative pathway that leads to the activation of IRF3, NF-κB, and MAPKs for induction of type I IFN and inflammatory cytokine genes. TRAM is selectively recruited to TLR4 but not TLR3 to …

2023年11月24日 · TLR4 signaling pathways: MyD88-dependent and independent downstream signaling. MyD88-dependent signaling produces pro-inflammatory cytokines through IRAK/TRAF6/TAK1 and MAPK an NF-κB activation. MyD88-independent signaling produces type I IFNs through TRIF/TRAM/TBK1 and IRF3 activation

The TLR4 signaling switches from MyD88 to TRIF once TLR4 moves to the endosomes. Engagement of MyD88 recruits the downstream signaling molecules to form Myddosome, which is based on MyD88 and contains IRAK4 and IRAK1/2.

2017年10月4日 · Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and acute inflammatory disorders that are becoming more and more frequent in …

TLR4 intracellular signaling pathways. TLR signaling is triggered by ligand-induced dimerization of the receptors. TIR domains of TLR4 recruit TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins MyD88 and MAL (MyD88-dependent pathway) or TRIF and TRAM (MyD88-independent pathway).

2006年1月20日 · TLR4 utilizes four adapters, including MyD88, TIRAP/MAL, Trif and TRAM. TLR7/8, TLR9, TLR5 and TLR11 use only MyD88. The MyD88-dependent pathway controls inflammatory responses, while Trif...

The Myeloid Differentiation Primary-Response Protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent and—independent pathways induce proinflammatory cytokines when toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus. Recent studies have implicated a crosstalk mechanism between the two pathways.

2004年7月1日 · Stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) facilitates the activation of two pathways: the MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88)-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways.