Marcus Tullius Tiro (died 4 BC) was first a slave, then a freedman, of Cicero from whom he received his nomen and praenomen. He is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters. After Cicero's death Tiro published his former master's collected works of letters and speeches.

Tirones (Latin: tiro, tironis) were new recruits in the armies of the Roman Empire. A tiro could take up to six months before becoming a full miles (infantryman/private). In the 4th century, Vegetius describes his ideal, rigorous training, in contrast to the lax habits of his own day: [1]

Tironian notes (Latin: notae Tironianae) are a form of thousands of signs that were formerly used in a system of shorthand (Tironian shorthand) dating from the 1st century BCE and named after Tiro, a personal secretary to Marcus Tullius Cicero, who is often credited as their inventor. [1] .

Marcus Tullius Tiro, a learned freedman who was a member of Cicero’s household, invented the notae Tironianae (“Tironian notes”), the first Latin shorthand system. Devised in 63 bc, it lasted over a thousand years. Tiro also compiled a shorthand dictionary. Among the …

2014年5月5日 · Precisely in Antiquity are famous the so-called “Tironian notes” (notae tironianae) which the Secretary of Cicero, Marcus Tullius Tiro, slave first and then freeman or manumitted slave, transcribed the speaker´s speeches with. Naturally, they are called after him.

As his former master’s fortune sank with the dying Republic, Tiro’s began to rise. After Cicero’s assassination, he became the orator’s literary executor and biographer. His talents were always in demand under the new bureaucratic regime, and he prospered by producing popular grammars and secretarial manuals.

That Tiro’s master had him educated in Latin and in Greek as well is evident from his service to Cicero as a secretary. Tiro assisted Cicero in his career as an orator by taking down his speeches in a special shorthand (Tironian notation) that he developed himself. Cicero often credited Tiro with the care and editing of his manuscripts.

As his former master's fortune sank with the dying Republic, Tiro's began to rise. After Cicero's assassination, he became the orator's literary executor and biographer. His talents were always in demand under the new bureaucratic regime, and he prospered by producing popular grammars and secretarial manuals.

2021年9月6日 · My doctoral research explores the multifarious connections between Roman slavery and Latin literature by analyzing the life, writings, and reception of Marcus Tullius Tiro. Although extant evidence generally provides only glimpses of individual Roman slaves and freedmen, relatively detailed references to Tiro appear in ancient sources.

2012年10月26日 · Marcus Tullius Tiro (ca. 103–4 BCE) was first a slave and later a freedman of M. Tullius Cicero, from whom he inherited his nomen and praenomen. Little is known about his birth and parents, but Groebe (RE col. 1319) dates his birth at 103 based on the evidence of Jerome (in Euseb. Chron. Olymp. 194).