For all NMBA orders, a goal train -of-four (TOF) should be specified. For most ICU patients, the goal level of paralysis is 1 to 2 twitches ( TOF 1 to 2 out of 4; see section C for train-of-four …

2025年2月24日 · Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are usually administered during anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and/or to improve surgical conditions. …

2023年11月13日 · Monitoring neuromuscular blockade: Train-of-four (TOF) stimulation is the most common method utilized to monitor the extent of neuromuscular blockade. It consists of four …

When neuromuscular function is assessed by measuring the muscle response to stimulation of a peripheral nerve, one of the most commonly used methods is the train of four (TOF). 2 NMBA …

2024年6月8日 · Residual neuromuscular blockade is defined as a "train-of-4" (TOF) ratio <0.9 at the adductor pollicis muscle, making it essential to confirm recovery at this site. Precise …

Train of Four (TOF) testing is a method of measuring the degree of neuromuscular blockade through the use of a peripheral nerve stimulator. The goal of TOF monitoring is to ensure the …

BIS technology uses a forehead sensor to obtain raw EEG information to analyze a patient’s hypnotic state, and display a BIS reading between 1-100. For use with NMBA, the goal is 40- …

Neuromuscular monitoring (NMT) is good guidance whenever there is a need to use neuromuscular blockade to significantly improve the quality of intubation and reduce airway …

The TOFscan is a neuromuscular transmission monitor for monitoring the neuromuscular block of a patient in the operating theatre, recovery room or intensive care unit. Long-term use of …

2023年1月21日 · 残余肌松的概念也开始出现，最开始对肌松药物残余的诊断标准是TOF比值（T4/T1）小于0.7，这一标准下肌松残余的发生率较低，后来随着临床应用和相关研究的增 …