In cryptography, the unbalanced oil and vinegar (UOV) scheme is a modified version of the oil and vinegar scheme designed by J. Patarin. Both are digital signature protocols. They are forms of multivariate cryptography. The security of this signature scheme is based on an NP-hard mathematical problem. To create and validate signatures, a ...

UOV Scheme TUOV Scheme Summary Description Attacks on UOV Parameters and Performances (Unbalanced) Oil and Vinegar Scheme The original balanced version was introduced by Jacques Patarin in 1997. Inspired by linearization attack to Matsumoto-Imai cryptosystem. n = 2m. Kipnis and Shamir proposed an attack which breaks this balanced OV scheme in 1998.

2023年6月1日 · UOV is a digital signature scheme that remains secure even against quantum computers. It is built from the trapdoored multivariate quadratic maps by following the hash-and-sign paradigm. It was first proposed by Aviad Kipnis, Jacques Patarin and Louis Goubin in 1999, and could be seen as the unbalanced version of the original OV scheme by ...

We propose a new multivariate signature scheme SNOVA (Sim-ple Noncommutative unbalanced Oil and Vinegar scheme with randomness Alignment), which is a UOV-variant scheme over noncommutative rings. In order to enhance the comprehension of SNOVA, we introduce an intermedi-ary phase called ring UOV, which generalizes UOV to any noncommutative ring.

The Unbalanced Oil and Vinegar (UOV) is a multivariate DS scheme. It follows the hash-and-sign paradigm, which uses mul-tivariate quadratic polynomial maps as trapdoor functions. This scheme was first proposed by Kipnis et al. [24] in 1999 and later modified by Beullens et al. and submitted to the additional digital

2025年3月15日 · In Sect. 2, we discuss the notation used in this work, describe the UOV scheme and the main differences between UOV and MAYO, QR-UOV, and SNOVA, and explain why an attack on a UOV-based scheme often leads to full key recovery once a single oil vector is found.

2024年6月5日 · In this paper, we provide advanced security analysis of UOV, a well-known signature scheme based on the multivariate quadratic equations, when Vinegar values are reused in signing for efficiency. We determine the minimum number of signatures generated by the reused Vinegar values required for UOV secret key recovery.

2024年11月24日 · The Unbalanced Oil and Vinegar (UOV) scheme is one of the most robust and efficient proposals for constructing digital signatures. Building on the fundamental concepts we previously discussed — particularly the computational difficulty of solving multivariate quadratic (MQ) systems — UOV is classified among bipolar constructions ...

2025年3月15日 · MQ-Sign is a UOV-based signature scheme, where the main focus is to reduce the size of the public and secret key compared to traditional UOV. In the first-round proposal of MQ-Sign, this was achieved by using sparse polynomials for the quadratic part of the central map.

2025年3月15日 · In this section, we introduce OV-based schemes, and propose a unified description to represent UOV and MAYO as instances of it. OV-based schemes are are type of multivariate-based cryptography, which is based on the Polynomial System Solving (PoSSo) problem of solving systems of m multivariate non-linear polynomial equations in n …