scFv和VHH都被用来结合和中和血管内皮生长因子受体2（VEGFR-2）。 抑制细胞因子和趋化因子是癌症和自身免疫性疾病的潜在治疗选择。VHH和scFv已被用于阻断几种炎症和免疫调节细胞因子，用于治疗类风湿关节炎、慢性炎症、自身免疫性炎症性疾病、癌症和中风。

2020年9月11日 · 骆驼体内存在天然的缺失轻链的重链抗体，克隆其可变区可以得到只有重链可变区组成的单域抗体，称为VHH(Variable domain of heavy chain of heavy chain antibody)，也称为纳米抗体(nanobody, a single domain antibody)，它是最小的功能性抗原结合片段。

Overall, this study presents a comprehensive landscape of the HCAb repertoire, which can provide useful guidance for the modeling of somatic hypermutation and the design of novel functional VHHs or VHH repertoires via evolutionary profiles. Keywords: antibody diversity; high-throughput sequencing; immune repertoire; nanobody; protein design.

A VHH antibody (or nanobody) is the antigen binding fragment of heavy chain only antibodies. Discovered nearly 25 years ago, they have been investigated for their use in clinical therapeutics and immunodiagnostics, and more recently for ...

This article reviews the mutations and structural adaptations that have taken place to reshape a VH of a VH–VL pair into a single-domain VHH with retention of a sufficient variability. The VHH has a potent antigen-binding capacity and provides the advantage of interacting with novel epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional VH–VL pairs.

Nanobody (Nb) is an artificially designed antibody molecule, also known as a single-domain antibody (sdAb), VHH antibody, or camelid antibody. In 1993, Belgian scientists discovered a heavy-chain antibody (HCAb) in a camel serum sample that was naturally deficient in light chains and had a ~95 kDa molecular weight.

2023年8月19日 · We show that the CDR-H3 conformation of VHHs correlates with the germline from which the antibodies are derived: IGHV3-3 derived antibodies almost exclusively adopt a kinked CDR-H3 conformation...

2025年2月6日 · Understanding VHH antibodies, particularly CDR-H3 and germline genes, is essential for advancing biomedical research and clinical uses. These elements play pivotal roles in antigen binding and specificity. The architecture of VHH antibodies is a study in molecular design, characterized by their single-domain structure.

VHH是重链抗体的可变区域，是最小的抗原结合单位之一，分子量仅为传统抗体（150-160 kDa）的1/10，且晶体宽为2.5nm,长4nm,因此被称为“纳米体”。VHH比抗体Fab片段（大约50 kDa）和scFv片段（大约25 kDa）还要小。

2024年2月2日 · VHH-based, BCMA-directed genetically modified autologous CAR T-cell therapy to treat relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Several VHH-based drugs are in various stages of clinical trials. VHH antibodies are particularly useful as diagnostics.