May 23, 2024 · XDR-TB, an abbreviation for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), is a form of TB that is caused by a strain of M. tuberculosis complex that is resistant to rifampicin (and may also be resistant to isoniazid), and that is also resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin) and to at least one other Group A drug ...

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis caused by bacteria that are resistant to some of the most effective anti-TB drugs. XDR-TB strains have arisen after the mismanagement of individuals with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).

Dec 21, 2023 · Multidrug-resistant TB disease (MDR TB) is caused by germs that are resistant to two or more of the main TB medicines: isoniazid and rifampin. Two more serious forms of MDR TB are called pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR TB) …

Jan 27, 2021 · The definition of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has been revised by the World Health Organization (WHO)’s Global TB Programme, who have also defined pre-XDR-TB for the first time, highlighting the seriousness of these forms of TB.

Jan 6, 2025 · Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to: Isoniazid and rifampin, a fluoroquinolone, and a second-line injectable (amikacin, capreomycin, and kanamycin) or. Isoniazid, rifampin, a fluoroquinolone, and bedaquiline or linezolid.

Mar 31, 2025 · According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10.8 million people were diagnosed with TB in 2023, with MDR/XDR-TB cases rising due to incomplete treatments, limited drug access, and delayed diagnosis. The new commentary discusses how mutations leading to bedaquiline resistance have emerged worldwide, undermining a treatment once seen as a ...

Mar 4, 2020 · This study shows that XDR tuberculosis and complicated MDR tuberculosis can be treated with a regimen consisting of three oral agents for 26 weeks.

MDR/XDR-TB Color Test (TB-CX) is a single four-quadrant agar plate that detects Mtb growth in the clear zone and resistance to INH, RIF, and FQ [i.e., ciprofloxacin (CIP)] in yellow, green, and blue zones, respectively (Shibabaw et al., 2019).

This chapter provides guidance on the strategies for the treatment of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB), with emphasis on regimen design. The treatment of mono- and poly-drug-resistant TB is addressed in Chapter 6.

Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is a form of TB that is resistant to at least four of the core anti-TB drugs. XDR-TB involves resistance to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin.