2025年2月13日 · Bone mineral density testing can: Identify and diagnose osteoporosis. Measure the risk of fractures (broken bones). Monitor the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment. What tests are used to measure bone mineral density? The most common bone mineral density test is a central dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA).

A benchmark dose (BMD) is a dose or concentration that produces a predetermined change in the response rate of an adverse effect. This predetermined change in response is called the benchmark response (BMR) .

基准剂量水平（Benchmark dose, BMD）是依据动物实验剂量-反应关系结果，用一定的统计学模型求得的受试物引起一定比例（定量资料为10%，定性资料为5%）动物出现阳性反应剂量的95%可信区间下限值，即指ED1、ED5或ED10的95%可信限下限值。

A BMD test can diagnose osteoporosis when your T-score is –2.5 or below, for example -2.5, -2.6,…-3.0….-3.5 and below. The lower your bone mass, the greater your risk for fracture. Osteoporosis can also be diagnosed if you have a history of a broken bone in your hip or spine without major trauma (such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall ...

BMD tests measure the solidness and mass (bone density) in the spine, hip, and/or wrist (the most common sites of fractures due to osteoporosis). Some bone mineral density tests measure bone in the heel or hand. These measurements are performed like X-ray films, and they are the only reliable way to determine loss of bone mass.

近年来，随着生物医学统计的进展和计算机的普及和应用，毒理学界提出了一种新的确定参考剂量（Reference Dose,RfD）的方法—基准剂量（Bench mark Dose,BMD）法。

2024年12月10日 · 骨密度(Bone Mineral Density, BMD)是指骨骼中矿物质的密度，它是衡量骨骼强度的一个重要指标。 骨密度监测能够反映长期骨代谢的变化，对于评估个体的骨骼健康状态、预测骨折风险以及监测相关疾病的治疗效果具有重要的临床意义。

Benchmark dose (BMD) method have been used in the toxicological assessment of chemical substances so that the point of departure can be derived, as an alternative to the use...

2025年2月26日 · EPA's Benchmark Dose Software (BMDS) provides easy access to numerous mathematical models. These models help risk assessors estimate the quantitative relationship between a chemical dose and a response. EPA’s BMD tools include BMDS (Online, Desktop, pybmds), and Categorical Regression (CatReg).

2014年2月25日 · We calculated benchmark doses and their lower limits [10% extra risk, or change in the mean equal to 1 SD (BMD/L 10/1SD)] for each chemical in a standardized way with prespecified criteria for model fit acceptance. We identified study design features associated with acceptable model fits.