2021年12月9日 · Nouri & Homaee (2020) have assessed different characteristics of drought from 1966 to 2012 in Iran by applying the Mann–Kendall test, SPI, and SPEI. These indices showed a declining trend.

2025年3月18日 · Enhancement of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index predictions by machine learning based on regression and soft computing for Iran’s arid and hyper–arid region Saeid Bour,

Using a 50-year (1971–2020) time series of multivariate Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data (3, 6, 9, and 12-month timescales), the study employs Mann-Kendall, modified Mann-Kendall, and Sen's slope analyses to determine drought trends, examines spatial patterns using Severity Area Frequency (SAF) curves, and finally,...

2024年11月20日 · We examined the responses of three natural vegetation types (forest, grassland, and shrubland) to drought conditions across Iran using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at different time scales and temporal lags from 2001 to 2022.

2024年3月1日 · Based on the SPEI, Iran has experienced mild to extreme droughts throughout the country, with an average duration (DD) of 4 to 16 months, an average severity (DS) of 3 to 13, and an average intensity (DI) of 0.5 to 0.7.

2020年3月13日 · Bazrafshan (2017) investigated temperature-based SPEI and SPI trends and associations at the 12 month scale over 15 sites during 1951–2014 in Iran. He explained the differences between SPEI12 and SPI12 by temperature changes impacting ET 0 variations, as ET 0 was estimated by using only temperature data.

2024年11月5日 · In this research, meteorological drought monitoring was conducted using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) drought indices at 34 synoptic stations of the Karkheh watershed in …

2021年12月9日 · Lotfirad et al. (2022) applied models like SPI and SPEI to predict drought patterns in different climates in Iran, providing valuable insights into future water scarcity [43].

2024年4月4日 · Hot spot analysis of SPI3 and SPEI3 demonstrates statistically significant cold spots (at 0.95 significance level) for Birjand and Zabol stations in eastern Iran. Furthermore, significant hot spots were formed for Tehran station (based on SPI) and Tehran and Rasht stations (based on SPEI).

2021年4月12日 · Adnan et al. (2018) compared the SPI, RDI, Chinese Z-index (CZI), decade index (DI), modified CZI, Z-score, SPEI and other indices to monitor drought status in Pakistan. According to the results, the SPI, SPEI and RDI had good capability for monitoring drought status.