The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system (the major histocompatibility complex [MHC] in humans) is an important part of the immune system and is controlled by genes located on chromosome 6. It encodes cell surface molecules specialized to present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells.

The class I region contains the classical HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes that encode the heavy chains of class I molecules. The class II region consists of a series of subregions, each containing A and B genes encoding α and β chains, respectively. 4 The DR gene family consists of a single DRA gene and up to nine DRB genes (DRB1 to DRB9).

2023年10月9日 · The HLA system is a group of genes that play an important role in the immune system. Together, the proteins these genes make form the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). HLA proteins, known as markers, help the immune system identify which cells belong in your body and which do not.

2023年4月24日 · Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are genes in major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) that help code for proteins that differentiate between self and non-self. They play a significant role in disease and immune defense. They are beneficial to the immune system but can also have detrimental effects. Some of the immune system effects are the interaction …

2025年3月4日 · human leukocyte antigen (HLA), any of the numerous antigens (substances capable of stimulating an immune response) involved in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans. The HLA genes encode the cell-surface proteins that are part of the MHC.. HLA antigens are programmed by a highly variable gene complex consisting of more than 200 …

Schematic presentation of the structure of HLA class I (a) and class II (b) molecules. HLA class II molecules are present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells, and display short antigen peptides to CD4 + helper T cells and their receptors [].HLA class II molecules consist of two polypeptide chains (an α and a β chain), and …

In addition to the HLA test, you may have: A test that looks at the type of HLA molecules on the surface of your immune system cells. This helps make sure your donor is a good match. DNA testing of HLA-related genes. This test needs taking DNA from a sample of cells, usually immune system cells, from a blood sample.

2013年7月18日 · The Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) system known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in humans is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3) and contains the most polymorphic gene cluster of the entire human genome. Furthermore, the HLA consists of three regions which have been designated as class I, class II, and class III based …

2023年8月14日 · The HLA (human leukocyte antigens) complex is located on the short arm of chromosome 6.[1][2][3] The HLA genes follow the principles of Mendelian genetics and the encoded antigens are co-dominantly expressed on the cell surface. In the absence of a recombination event, HLA genes are normally inherited en bloc from each parent due to their …

2023年12月20日 · The HLA system is highly polymorphic, and matching the Hla antigens between the donor and recipient is a key determinant for the success of a transplant. If the Hla antigens of the donor and recipient are incompatible, the recipient’s immune system may recognize the transplanted organ as foreign and mount an immune response, leading to organ ...