"Dung cakes", made from the by-products of animal husbandry, are traditionally used as fuel in India for cooking food in a domestic hearth called a Chulha. They are made by hand by village women and are traditionally made from cow or buffalo dung. One dung cake of an average size gives 2100 kJ worth of energy.

2021年4月10日 · We have examined the patterns of dung-cake burnt as a source of energy about to with concerning to other energy sources at the household scale across Inner Mongolia rangelands. The proportion of livestock dung-cake burnt by households ranges from 2.67% to 52.99% of that collected, and varies markedly across different rangeland regions.

2021年10月1日 · New emission inventories developed for burning sources in India. Estimates made for non-methane volatile organic compounds. Estimates made for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Pollution from cow dung cake combustion significant to North of India. Waste and crop residue burning also significant pollution sources.

Dung cake has a high ash content, 25–30% and is made by mixing dung with mud/clay and straw to improve its mechanical strength. It is then patted down, moulded and sun-dried for 24 h, which achieves moisture content of 7–8%.

2021年1月7日 · Using a stratified random sampling approach, we did a household survey on the herders' behaviors of dung-cake collection and burning, and investigated their relations with climate, availability...

2018年12月10日 · Cattle that feed on contaminated paddy husk and water produce dung that is likely to contain arsenic. Researchers say while the dung is burnt in kitchen, as much as 25 per cent of the arsenic in fumes could be absorbed by the respiratory tract of people and lead to diseases such as persistent cough and chronic bronchitis.

It has been suggested that returning livestock dung to pasture instead of burning them as fuel would benefit ecosystem health and carbon sequestration in rangelands. However, evidence-based studies on the driving factors of household dung-cake collection and burning in various rangeland regions are limited.

2012年3月5日 · When people burn dung cakes, over 25 per cent of the arsenic in fumes could be absorbed by the respiratory tract and this leads to lung cancer and other diseases. But there are solutions to this...

Sun dried cow dung cake from pure desi cows. Used for havan, homa, or burn it in the home to clean the air.

2017年10月15日 · The Cow dung is moulded in a circular shape by hand and affixed on the walls for drying. Normally it takes two to three days for drying and ready for use. It is used in earthen owens (Munn Aduppu) for preparing food. The burnt ash is also used as a pesticide and smeared in the fields. It is also used in religious Homams.