Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical source material thereof.

In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C (=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C (O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups.

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羧基是有机化学中的基本化学基，所有的含有羧基的有机酸物质都可以叫羧酸，由一个碳原子、两个氧原子和一个氢原子组成，化学式-cooh。如醋酸（ch3-cooh）、氨基酸都含有羧基，这些羧基与烃基直接连接的化合物，叫作羧酸。

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds which incorporate a carboxyl functional group, CO 2 H. The name carboxyl comes from the fact that a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group are attached to the same carbon.

羧酸根具有碱性和亲核性，羧酸盐能与活泼卤代烃反应。 ① 是SN2反应。 ② 只适用于1o RX和活泼RX。 ③ 常用的是钠盐。 (有时也用Ag盐，优点：速率快。 缺点：太贵。 ) ④ 体系中双键不受影响。 Ishihara, K.; Ohara, S.; Yamamoto, H. Science 2000, 290, 1140. 说明： （i） 反应原料是羧酸，反应试剂是SOCl2、PCl3、PCl5。 （ii） 反应需在无水条件下进行。 （iii） 产物酰卤通常都通过蒸馏方法提纯，所以试剂、 副产物与产物的沸点要有较大的差别。 （iv） 反应机制与 …

First, compute the number of each atom in CH 3 (CO 2 H) 3: C: 4, H: 6, O: 6. Then, lookup atomic weights for each element in periodic table: C: 12.0107, H: 1.00794, O: 15.9994 Now, compute the sum of products of number of atoms to the atomic weight: Molar mass (CH 3 (CO 2 H) 3) = ∑ Count i * Weight i =

首先，计算 (CH 3)CO 2 H 中每个原子的数量： C: 2, O: 2, H: 4. 然后，查找元素周期表中每个元素的原子量： C: 12.0107, O: 15.9994, H: 1.00794 现在，计算原子数与原子量的乘积之和： 摩尔质量 ((CH 3)CO 2 H) = ∑ Count i * Weight i = Count(C) * Weight(C) + Count(O) * Weight(O) + Count(H) * Weight(H) =

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CH3 EtOH, H* CO2H HO Draw the structure of the product of this Fischer esterification reaction. • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists.