Briefly stated, Cummins believes that in the course of learning one language a child acquires a set of skills and implicit metalinguistic knowledge that can be drawn upon when working in another language. This common underlying proficiency (CUP), as he calls these skills and knowledge, is illustrated in the Iceberg Analogy below.

2023年5月3日 · The Common Underlying Proficiency Theory, developed by James Cummins, is one of the most influential theories in Applied Linguistics. This theory suggests, “there is a common underlying proficiency in the language that supports the development of bilingualism and multilingualism” (Cummins, 1979; 1981).

2023年1月1日 · The CUP theory is based on the premise that language learning is not a monolithic proc ess, but rather a complex a nd multifaceted process that involves multiple cognitive and linguistic...

The Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model or the "one balloon theory" described by Jim Cummins purports that proficiencies involving more cognitively demanding tasks (such as literacy, content learning, abstract thinking and problem-solving) are common across languages. The CUP model is represented with the "dual iceberg metaphor" and is ...

The CUP principle shows that instruction in mother-tongue will benefit learners. Moreover it is not advisable for schools to switch to English before learners L1 skills are fully developed. The English policy results in damaging learners emotionally and cognitively because of the lower quality and quantity of interaction that primary-school ...

In the CUP model, experience with either language can, theoretically, promote the development of the proficiency underlying both languages, given adequate motivation

Common underlying proficiency (CUP): A theory that illustrates how cognitive and literacy skills established in a first language (or mother tongue) are transferred to a new language or languages. Using the image of an iceberg, the invisible part of the iceberg represents the area of the brain that stores concepts, while the visible peaks ...

Definition of CUP (Common Underlying Proficiency): Cummins’ (1991) theory on Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) establishes that there is a set of common implicit metalinguistic skills and knowledge, which can emerge and be retrieved by the apprentice regardless of the language they are using.

Cummins presents in the model, illustrated on Figure 2, what he refers to as the common underlying proficiency model (CUP) of bilingual proficiency, as opposed to the separate underlying ...

2019年9月21日 · In The Cup Theory, we discuss the cup being the metaphorical vessel for your emotional, social, spiritual, and physical energy. If your cup is empty you have no energy to help other people or even yourself. My inspiration for this theory comes from my love of the Spoon Theory by Christine Miserandino.