The extended parallel process model (EPPM) is a fear appeal theory developed by communications scholar Kim Witte that illustrates how individuals react to fear-inducing messages. [1] Witte subsequently published an initial test of …

拓展平行反应模型（extended parallel process model，EPPM）已被广泛应用于健康传播活动，包括心血管疾病防控（McKay &Berkowitz & Blumberg & Goldberg, 2004）、降低噪音引起的听力损失（Kotowski & Johnstone & Smith & Pritt, 2011）、结肠镜检查促进（Pengchit，2011）、 皮肤癌预防（Cho, H ...

Based on H. Leventhal's (1970) danger control/fear control framework, a fear appeal theory is proposed, called the extended parallel process model (EPPM). The purpose of the EPPM is to explain why fear appeals fail to re-incorporate fear as a central variable and to specify the relationship between threat and efficacy in propositional forms.

A fear appeal is a message strategy that attempts to persuade people to adopt a specific action by arousing fear. Fear appeals have a long history, including Levanthal’s (1970, 1971) parallel process model and Roger’s (1975, 1983) protection motivation theory.

1996年1月1日 · Fear may be expressed physiologically (as arousal), through language behavior (verbal self-reports), or through overt acts (facial expressions). According to the EPPM, fear-arousing messages may initiate two appraisals—(1) appraisal of the threat and (2) appraisal of the efficacy of the recommended response.

2022年11月8日 · 本研究考察了eppm中四种认知（即感知严重性、感知易感性、感知自我效能和感知反应效能）如何导致个体恐惧和希望情绪，并且更进一步影响中国新冠肺炎疫情大流行初期保护性行为和信息回避。

Fear may be expressed physiologically (as arousal), through language behavior (verbal self-reports), or through overt acts (facial expressions). According to the EPPM, fear-arousing messages may initiate two appraisals—(1) appraisal of the threat and (2) appraisal of the efficacy of the recommended response.

2009年6月2日 · The proposed fear appeal theory, called the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), expands on previous approaches in three ways: (a) by explaining why fear appeals fail; (b) by re‐incorporating fear as a central variable; and (c) by specifying the relationship between threat and efficacy in propositional forms.

1996年1月1日 · This chapter discusses the nature of fear; reviews the historical origins of fear appeals; and describes the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Fear is one of the basic human emotions. The elicitation of fear may occur following the appraisal of a threatening situation or stimulus with or without an individual's conscious intention or ...

Results generally support the EPPM and indicate that (1) the emotion fear is associated with fear control responses and is not directly related to danger control responses, (2) perceptions (or cognitions) about the recommended response are associated with danger control responses and unrelated to fear control responses, and (3) when efficacy ...