While EAAT3 is traditionally described as the neuronal carrier in glutamatergic synapses, this view is currently being challenged and it is now generally agreed that EAAT3 is found in most neurons throughout the brain in glutamatergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons.

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 is a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters which plays an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes in neurons.

The EAATs can transport (S)-Glu, (S)-Aspartate (Asp) and (R)-Asp, cysteic acid, and serine-O-sulfate. EAAT3 can also efficiently transport (R)-Cys at physiologically relevant conditions. It was recently shown that Cys is transported in the deprotonated form, which interacts with the R447 residue in TM8 of EAAT3 (Watts et al., 2014).

2016年5月29日 · 它也是主要的神经元半胱氨酸摄取系统，是表达EAAT3的神经元中谷胱甘肽（一种有效的抗氧化剂）合成的限速因子，而在GABA能神经元上，它对提供谷氨酸作为GABA合成的前体非常重要。

2019年11月13日 · Na +依赖性兴奋性氨基酸转运蛋白（EAAT）是中枢神经系统（CNS）中细胞外谷氨酸去除的主要转运机制。 分配给EAAT的主要功能是维持低的细胞外谷氨酸水平，从而使谷氨酸用作大脑中的信号分子并避免兴奋性毒性。 但是，谷氨酸具有其他公认的功能。 例如，它是三羧酸（TCA）循环的关键抗血管生成基质，因为它可以通过转氨酶或谷氨酸脱氢酶转化为α-酮戊二酸。 此外，谷氨酸是主要抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽的前体，它在防止氧化细胞死亡中起关键作用。 …

2024年9月5日 · Among five EAATs, EAAT3 is the only isoform that can efficiently transport L-cysteine, a substrate for glutathione synthesis. Recent work suggests that EAAT3 also transports the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG).

2024年9月5日 · EAAT3, an electrogenic acidic amino acid and cysteine transporter, orchestrates amino acid metabolism and protects cells from oxidative stress. Our structures visualize hEAAT3 recognizing four substrates: L-Asp, D-Asp, L-Glu, and L-Cys.

EAAT3是啮齿动物兴奋性氨基酸载体1（EAAC1）的人类对应物，由SLC1A1编码基因。 EAAT3 / EAAC1在大脑中普遍存在，主要在神经元中表达，但在其他细胞类型中也表达，例如少突胶质细胞前体。

2021年3月4日 · Human excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (hEAAT3) mediates glutamate uptake in neurons, intestine, and kidney. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of hEAAT3 in several functional states where the transporter is empty, bound to coupled sodium ions only, or fully loaded with three sodium ions, a proton, and the substrate aspartate.

2019年3月5日 · We show that SorCS2 acts as sorting receptor that sustains cell surface expression of the neuronal amino acid transporter EAAT3 to facilitate import of cysteine, required for synthesis of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. Lack of SorCS2 causes depletion of EAAT3 from the plasma membrane and impairs neuronal cysteine uptake.