2024年10月10日 · Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders of cortical formation, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features. They are one of the most common causes of epilepsy and can be associated with hippocampal sclerosis and cortical glioneuronal neoplasms.

There are three types of FCD with subtypes, including type 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, each with distinct histopathological features. [3][2] All forms of focal cortical dysplasia lead to disorganization of the normal structure of the cerebral cortex: Type 1 FCD exhibits subtle alterations in cortical lamination.

2024年7月28日 · This updated classification added the following pathological classifications: mild malformation of cortical development (mMCD), mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) and "no definite FCD on histopathology".

2010年11月10日 · Four variants should be distinguished: FCD Type IIIa associated with hippocampal sclerosis; FCD Type IIIb associated with tumors; FCD Type IIIc associated with vascular malformations; and FCD Type IIId associated with …

There are several types of FCD based on the particular microscopic appearance and associated other brain changes. FCD Type I: the brain cells have abnormal organization in horizontal or vertical lines of the cortex.

The ILAE classification of Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) from 2011 has quickly gained acceptance in clinical practice and research and is now widely used around the world. This histopathology-based classification scheme proposed three subtypes, that is, FCD Type 1 (with architectural abnormalities …

2022年6月15日 · The newly suggested FCD type (FCDIII) in the 2011 classification was used by more than 82% of the respondents. The responses highlighted three main areas for potential improvement: genetics, mMCD, and FCDI.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of cortical development, which is the most common cause of medically refractory epilepsy in the pediatric population and the second/third most common etiology of medically intractable seizures in adults. In general, three types of cortical dysplasia are recognized. FCD Type I

MRI FLAIR scans revealed focal cortical dysplasia type II in the right parietal lobe. The diagnosis of the patient was drug-refractory epilepsy, FCD-related secondary epilepsy. According to the...

2025年2月17日 · Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of intractable epilepsy, with FCD type II (FCD II) being the most common subtype. FCD II is characterized by cortical dyslamination accompanied by dysmorphic neurons (DNs). Identifying the molecular alterations and targetable biomarkers is pivotal for developing therapies.