Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most severe types of primary traumatic brain injury and a major cause of unconsciousness and persistent vegetative state after severe head trauma. The most common etiology of diffuse axonal injury involves high-speed motor vehicle accidents [1].

2025年1月26日 · Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), also known as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), is a severe form of traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces. It is a potentially difficult diagnosis to make on imaging alone, especially on CT as the findings can be subtle, but it has the potential to result in severe neurological impairment.

2017年3月21日 · Multiple foci of high signal intensity on FLAIR are seen in the brain stem and cerebellar white matter, some of them showing restricted diffusion ( arrows ). DAI lesions may be observed using DTI within the first few hours after head trauma.

2015年8月24日 · Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or shearing injury is an indirect brain injury that affects primarily the white matter. Sudden angular rotation of the head appears the most likely underlying mechanism. Classically, patients with DAI present with low GCS starting at the moment of impact.

In summary, SWI is highly sensitive for the detection of hemorrhagic DAI, and can detect a higher number of small hemorrhagic foci than other MR sequences. Furthermore, SWI can accurately reveal foci characteristics and distribution.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition burdened by an extremely high rate of morbidity and mortality and can result in an overall disability rate as high as 50% in affected individuals. Therefore, the importance of identifying clinical prognostic factors for diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in (TBI) is commonly recognized as critical.

This is referred to as diffuse axonal injury (DAI), or more accurately, axonal shear injury. DAI is a frequent imaging and pathologic finding of severe head injury, accounting for about 48% of primary traumatic brain injuries [4].

DAI is a primary lesion of rotational acceleration-deceleration head injury. In its severe form, hemorrhagic foci occur in the corpus callosum and dorsolateral and rostral brainstem with microscopic evidence of diffuse injury to axons (axonal retraction balls, microglial stars, and a generation of white matter fiber tracts).

Nonhemorrhagic – appear as small, hypodense foci. Hemorrhagic – appear as small, hyperdense foci, possibly with surrounding hypodense edema. Repeat scans may reveal more lesions as the injury evolves. MRI findings (See Figure 1) T1WI. Usually normal. If > 1 cm and hemorrhagic, may appear hyperintense for 3-14 days. T2WI

2017年4月17日 · Primary traumatic brain injury describes the lesion sustained to the brain parenchyma at the moment of trauma. Contusions are the most common intra-axial injuries. Other primary lesions are: focal brain injuries (lacerations), haemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), or penetrating injuries/blast injuries.