A time bomb or Timer and Power Unit (TPU) is a bomb that is triggered by a timer which can delay detonation by hours, weeks or months. Since the 1970s, time bombs with Memopark timers have been employed extensively by the Provisional IRA both in Northern Ireland and on the British mainland.

2016年4月19日 · This article provides empirical insight into this strategy by conducting a series of negative binomial regression and Tobit estimations of the impact of killing Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) terrorists as well as members of the Catholic community on counts of PIRA bombings and targeting activity in Northern Ireland for the period ...

During the initial phase of the Troubles (1969-1972), the Provisional IRA was poorly equipped and primarily used weapons from World War II. Beginning in the 1970s, the Provisional IRA began importing modern weapons from the United States, Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, and arms dealers in mainland Europe, the Middle East, and elsewhere.

2008年12月18日 · For three decades, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA) waged an ‘armed struggle’ against what it considered to be the British occupation of Northern Ireland. To its supporters, the IRA was the legitimate army of Ireland, fighting to force a British withdrawal as a prelude to the re-unification of the Irish nation.

Since the 1970s, time bombs with Memopark timers have been employed extensively by the Provisional-IRA both in Northern-Ireland and on the British mainland with the TPU generally …

2007年11月14日 · Identical examples of timing devices, known as timing and power units (TPUs), and mortars were frequently discovered throughout the campaign of violence to the extent that UK security forces classified these examples as a particular Mark, for example the Mark 15 mortar.

Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) members as “clumsy”, “disorganized” and unimaginative terrorists”. PIRA deployed “amateurish” tactics. “Their bomb attacks up till mid-1971 often amounted to nothing more than a man nervously lobbing a petrol bomb so badly made that the wick falls out before it reaches its target”.1 Fast

This paper presents an analysis of the Provisional Irish Republican Army’s (PIRA) brigade level behavior during the Northern Ireland Conflict (1970-1998) and iden-tifies the organizational factors that impact a brigade’s lethality as measured via terrorist attacks. Key independent variables include levels of technical expertise,

2011年3月31日 · Offering the first comparative study of the two leading Irish republican terrorist movements the Official IRA and the Provisional IRA (PIRA), this book presents the lesser-known Officials’ political-military evolution and analyses whether they could have been role models for the Provisionals.

This paper provides an overview of Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) innovations with regards to improvised explosive devices (IEDs). It situates PIRA's tactical innovations within the broad organizational psychology literature focused on the nature and drivers of …