The upstream ecological footprint includes everything that arises from the production and provision of inputs by suppliers that is needed for chip manufacturing: from mining and processing raw materials and producing chemicals, as well as withdrawing water, to manufacturing equipment and supplying fuel and energy.

The ecosystem conditions applying at a typical pond edge can be quite different from those further from shore. Extremely space-limited water ecosystems can be found in, for example, the water collected in bromeliad leaf bases and the "pitchers" of Nepenthes.

The Ecological Footprint (EF) has become a very popular alternative indicator of development in the last three decades. It can be widely used to show the unsustainability of total and individual levels of consumption in countries. But can EF be a meaningful indicator at the micro level as well? This paper presents an argument on this issue.

Here we use a unique combination of X-ray micro-tomography and micro-scale enzyme mapping to demonstrate for the first time that plant-stimulated soil pore formation appears to be a major ...

The ecological footprint measures human demand on natural capital, i.e. the quantity of nature it takes to support people and their economies. [1] [2] [3] It tracks human demand on nature through an ecological accounting system.