RNase H2 Enzyme is an endogenous endoribonuclease that binds to RNA-DNA duplexes and cleaves the RNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate and a 3' hydroxyl group. RNase H2 will cleave at a single ribonucleotide residue embedded within a heteroduplex.

2022年5月26日 · RNase H2 is a specialized enzyme that degrades RNA in RNA/DNA hybrids and deficiency of this enzyme causes a severe neuroinflammatory disease, Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS).

Eukaryotic RNases H2 have dual functions in initiating the removal of ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) incorporated by DNA polymerases during DNA synthesis and in cleaving the RNA moiety of RNA/DNA hybrids formed during transcription and retrotransposition.

Ribonucleases H are enzymes that cleave the RNA of RNA/DNA hybrids that form during replication and repair and which could lead to DNA instability if they were not processed. There are two main types of RNases H, and at least one of them is present in most organisms.

We report here the crystal structures of a type 2 RNase H in complex with substrates containing a (5′)RNA-DNA (3′) junction. They revealed a unique mechanism of recognition and substrate-assisted cleavage.

RNase H2–deficient cells featured an increased genomic ribonucleotide load, suggesting that unrepaired ribonucleotides trigger the DNA damage response in these cells. Collectively, we show that RNase H2 is essential to remove ribonucleotides from the mammalian genome to …

2012年9月28日 · The one initiated by ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2), called ribonucleotide excision repair (RER), is considered to be the most common repair pathway. Ribonuclease H enzymes cut RNA/DNA hybrids. RNase H1 is most active on RNA/DNA hybrids containing several consecutive ribonucleotides, and no incision activity has been observed on a DNA substrate ...

2011年3月3日 · Ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2) is the major nuclear enzyme involved in the degradation of RNA/DNA hybrids and removal of ribonucleotides misincorporated in genomic DNA. Mutations in each of the three RNase H2 subunits have been implicated in a human auto-inflammatory disorder, Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS).

2018年6月20日 · Recent studies have shown that RNase H2 is involved in excision of a single ribonucleotide embedded in genomic DNA and removal of an R-loop formed in cells. It is also involved in double-strand break of DNA and its repair. In this review, we aim to outline the structures recognized by RNase H2.

RNA-DNA hybrids are tightly regulated to ensure genome integrity. The RNase H enzymes RNase H1 and H2 contribute to chromosomal stability through the removal of RNA-DNA hybrids. Loss of RNase H2 function is implicated in human diseases of the nervous system and cancer.