RAS蛋白家族包括四种：KRAS (两种剪切体4a和4b)、HRAS、NRAS；四种蛋白序列相似度很高，在细胞膜内的定位略有差异，但都和癌症发生相关。 其中KRAS激活突变突变最常见，其突变位点包括G12、G13、Q61、A164，几乎出现在了所有常见的肿瘤中，如胰腺癌，结直肠癌，肺腺癌，甲状腺癌，胃癌等。 RAF激酶是一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶，其家族包括ARAF，BRAF，CRAF。 它还有另外一个名字是MAPKKK，即丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激 …

The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

2023年12月18日 · In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of...

The Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway is probably the best characterized signal transduction pathway in cell biology. The function of this pathway is to transduce signals from the extracellular milieu to the cell nucleus where specific genes are activated for cell growth, division and differentiation.

Over the past few years, structural and biochemical studies have provided new understanding of RAF autoregulation, RAF activation by RAS and the SHOC2 phosphatase complex, and RAF engagement with HSP90–CDC37 chaperone complexes. These studies have important implications for pharmacologic targeting of the pathway.

2021年2月19日 · Combining our structures and published data, we provide a model of RAS-RAF complexation at the membrane, and molecular insights into RAS-RAF interaction during the process of RAS-mediated...

RAF family protein kinases are a key node in the RAS/RAF/MAP kinase pathway, the signaling cascade that controls cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival in response to engagement of growth factor receptors on the cell surface. Over …

The Raf kinases interact directly with active, membrane-localized Ras, and this interaction is often the first step in the Raf activation process, which ultimately results in ERK activation and the downstream phosphorylation of cellular targets that will specify a particular biological response.

2022年4月1日 · These structures provide key insights regarding RAS and RAF regulation as well as promising new strategies for therapeutic intervention. Significance: The RAS GTPases are major drivers of tumorigenesis, and for RAS proteins to exert their full oncogenic potential, they must interact with the RAF kinases to initiate ERK cascade signaling ...

2025年2月18日 · ras-raf-mek-erk（简称erk信号通路）是调控细胞增殖与存活的核心通路，其异常活化与多种癌症的发生发展密切相关。在生理条件下，该通路通过多级反馈调控维持稳态，但在约三分之一的实体瘤中检测到ras突变（如kras、nras），约8%的肿瘤携带braf突变（如braf v600e ...