Form per-technique long-term solutions (TRF + EOP), by rigorously stacking the time series, solving for station positions, velocities, EOPs and 7 transformation parameters for each weekly (daily in case of GNSS and session-wise for VLBI) solution with respect to the per-technique cumulative solution. During the iterative stacking process:

Dynamical techniques, such as Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), allow access to the Earth Center of Mass (a natural TRF origin), the point around which the satellites orbit. The origin of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is heavily dependent on the SLR origin and its scale is usually defined by an average of SLR and VLBI solutions.

2025年3月3日 · The individual SLR solutions that contributed to the ITRF2020 combination product were computed by the following official International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Analysis Centers (listed in alphabetical order of their acronym identifier) using the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data obtained from the LAGEOS, LAGEOS-2, Etalon-1, and Etalon-2 ...

2023年5月19日 · The ITRF2020 benefits from reprocessed solutions, using the full history of observations of the four space geodetic techniques (DORIS, GNSS, SLR and VLBI). Table 1 lists the ITRF2020 input data of the four techniques: weekly solutions for IDS/DORIS and ILRS/SLR, daily solutions for IGS/GNSS and session-wise solutions for IVS/VLBI.

2025年1月8日 · Terrestrial scale is one of the key datum parameters in the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), which is defined by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) in the latest ITRF2020.

2016年7月18日 · For the first time in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) history, the ITRF2014 is generated with an enhanced modeling of nonlinear station motions, including seasonal (annual and semiannual) signals of station positions and postseismic deformation for sites that were subject to major earthquakes.

It is through these networks that observations are obtained to generate an International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). These networks currently consist of 42 laser ranging sites, 407 GNSS sites, 45 VLBI sites, and 58 DORIS sites. The networks of …

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique is one of the historical techniques con-tributing to the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data have been fundamental over the past three decades for the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), which is based on an inter-technique combination of the geodetic solutions obtained from an intra-technique combination strategy performed at each IAG Technique Centre.

2007年9月7日 · While any individual space geodesy technique (VLBI, SLR, DORIS, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including Galileo in the future) is able to provide all the necessary information of the datum definition of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) (origin, scale, orientation), combination of reference frames provided by independent ...

We computed combined GNSS-SLR solutions using the SLR tracking data from the GPS and GLONASS satellites as the main connection between the two space-geodetic techniques.

ITRF2014 is the new realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System. Following the procedure already used for the ITRF2005 and ITRF2008 formation, the ITRF2014 uses as input data time series of station positions and EOPs provided by the Technique Centers of the four space geodetic techniques (VLBI, SLR, GNSS and DORIS).

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) use short-pulse lasers and state-of-the-art optical receivers and timing electronics to measure the two-way time of flight (and hence distance) from ground stations to retroreflector arrays on Earth orbiting satellites and the Moon.

2024年6月13日 · The individual solutions that comprise the REPRO2020 products were computed by the following official International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Analysis Centers (listed in alphabetical order of their acronym identifier) using the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data obtained from the LAGEOS, LAGEOS-2, Etalon-1, and Etalon-2 satellites.

2024年3月31日 · In this paper, our specific focus is on assessing the precision improvement of ITRF input data from 2014 to 2020, which includes evaluating the accuracy of coordinates, the datum accuracy, and the precision of the polar motions, for all four techniques.

Current ITRF Approach: Geodetic Datum Can be defined by SLR (as long as C00 is fix) In ITRF:

What is a Reference Frame? ... Why is a Reference Frame needed? ... Geo-referencing applications : positioning, navigation, surveying... ITRF: what are the challenges & questions ? Mitigating Technique systematic errors ? Is GPS free …

To benefit from the individual strengths of the different observation methods, the ITRF computation is based on an inter-technique combination of the four space-geodetic observation techniques, i.e. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Doppler Orbitography and Radiopo-sitioning Integrated by Satellite ...

2017年12月21日 · By integrating the strengths and mitigating the systematic errors of the four space geodetic techniques, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is intended to be the standard reference in Earth science and operational geodesy applications (IUGG General Assembly resolution, Perugia 2007).

This is the first time of ITRF history where we have 4 independent and competitive scales stemming from the 4 techniques (DORIS, GNSS, SLR and VLBI) IGS / GNSS scale is based on z-PCOs for Galileo Satellites, using 3.7 yrs of Galileo data