2019年1月1日 · The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF) include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular functions. The communication pathways mediated by TNFSF/TNFRSF are essential for numerous developmental, homeostatic, and s …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily composes of a group of cytokines and their receptors which can reduce cell death (apoptosis). This superfamily is composed of 19 ligands and 29 receptors in humans. TNFα and Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα) is first identified members of the family.

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and the TNF/nerve growth factor (NGF) family of their cognate receptors together control numerous immune functions, as well as tissue-homeostatic and embryonic-development processes.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical cytokine, which contributes to both physiological and pathological processes. This mini-review will briefly touch the history of TNF discovery, its family members and its biological and pathological functions.

2025年1月1日 · TNFR1 and TNFR2 are characteristic members of the TNF receptor superfamily. They are type I single-pass transmembrane proteins with four distinctive cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) in the extracellular domain (ECD) of the receptors where the ligands including TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα) bind [8].

Overview: The TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF, provisional nomenclature) displays limited homology beyond an extracellular domain rich in cysteine residues and is activated by at least 18 different human homologues of TNF referred to as the TNF superfamily (TNFSF).

Ligands and receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamilies are examples of signal transducers whose integrated actions impinge principally on the development, homeostasis and adaptative responses of the immune system.

The tumor necrosis factor superfamily, composed of 19 ligands and 29 receptors, plays highly diversified roles in the body. All members of the TNF superfamily, without exception, exhibit pro-inflammatory activity, in part through activation of the transcription factor NF-κB.

In this chapter, we will summarize the findings of recent studies on these TNFR family of co-signaling molecules regarding their function at various stages of the T-cell response in the context of infection, inflammation, and cancer.

TNFR family interactions can dramatically modulate the frequency of antigen-reactive T cells that accumulate at various stages of the immune response, either because the TNFR family members signal to induce anti-apoptotic proteins or proteins promoting cell division, or because they signal to induce pro-apoptotic molecules.