The ‘swinging light test’ is used to detect a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD): a means of detecting differences between the two eyes in how they respond to a light shone in one eye at …

2021年9月10日 · The APD Tester makes it easier to visualize and quantify an RAPD by allowing you to view both pupils simultaneously under magnification. The device was invented by …

Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a condition in which pupils respond differently to light stimuli shone in one eye at a time. This response is due to unilateral or asymmetrical disease …

Grading in ophthalmology is an ever evolving concept. Some grading systems are more popular than others. For example, diabetic retinopathy and cell / flare are almost universally accepted, …

2017年9月15日 · Most commonly, the presence of an APD is evaluated in office using the swinging flashlight test, in which each pupil is illuminated and the velocity and amplitude of the …

How to detect an APD: Afferent Pupillary Defect

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Clinical Example: A patient with a completely blind left eye following a central retinal artery occlusion. The patient's left eye in this case shows no direct pupillary response, and an …

Monthly examinations to include visual acuity, pupil check for APD and examination of the anterior segment angle for neovascularization for the first 3-6 months after diagnosis are necessary to …

2008年9月15日 · Let a case history, examination and ancillary testing help you determine how to handle a patient who presents with an APD. Dr. Canellos practices with the New York Harbor …