A2C: Apical Two-Chamber View. Position of the transducer: Starting from A4C the transducer is rotated 30° counterclockwise. As shown in Figure 15, the left ventricle and left atrium, as well as the mitral valve, are visualized. With regards to the left ventricle, the anterior wall and the inferolateral wall are seen.

transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination in 19805 and updated recommended components of the examination in 2011.6 Recently the British Society of Echocardiography updated a minimum dataset for standard adult transthoracic echocardiography,7 and the Swiss Society of Cardiology8 has established standards for the

This guideline outlines a structured approach to image acquisition and standardised measurement protocol for performing a standard transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE); it replaces all previous minimum datasets published by the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE).

2024年6月12日 · With 2D TTE, the circular model using A4c view diameter resulted in a small systematic underestimation of MA area (6%), while the elliptical model using PLAX and A2c diameters resulted in 25% systematic underestimation.

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive TTE examination in adults: Recommendations from the ASE (2018)

2021年6月11日 · Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary initial imaging modality in cardiac imaging. Advantages include portability, safety, availability, and ability to assess the morphology and physiology of the heart in a noninvasive manner.

经胸壁超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography, TTE)适用于定量和定性评估心脏解剖学与功能，该法普及、重复性好且无创。二维超声心动图可从多个成像平面提供心脏结构的断层或“薄层”图像。

2018年9月30日 · Our purposes are to (1) establish the content of a comprehensive TTE examination, (2) provide recommendations for technical performance and appropriate use of instrumentation during the examination, (3) provide guidance for the integration of the various ultrasound-based imaging modalities into the comprehensive examination, and (4) describe ...

2022年1月24日 · In the ME four-chamber or ME LAX view (TEE) or the A4C view (TTE), the PHT is obtained by aligning the Doppler beam parallel to the direction of flow through the MV and using continuous-wave Doppler to interrogate LV inflow.

Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) is a crucial tool for assessing cardiac morphology and function quickly and non-invasively without ionising radiation. However, the examination is subject to intra- and inter-user variability and recordings are often limited to 2D imaging and assessments of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes.