2022年12月12日 · Parainfluenza refers to a group of viruses — human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) — that cause common respiratory infections. This includes illnesses like colds, croup, bronchiolitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. They’re more likely to cause severe illness in children younger than 5, adults older than 65, and people with weakened immune systems.

2024年6月5日 · HPIV-4 is recognized less often but may cause mild to severe respiratory tract illnesses. Upper respiratory illness from any HPIV is generally common cold symptoms. Signs and symptoms may include: fever. runny nose. cough. sneezing. sore throat. Other symptoms of HPIV illness may include: ear pain. irritability. decreased appetite

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. These viruses are closely associated …

2023年5月30日 · Parainfluenza refers to a group of viruses called human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs). There are four viruses in this group. Each one causes different symptoms and illnesses. All forms of HPIV...

Background: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) comprise of four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (HPIV1&3) and Orthorubulavirus (HPIV2&4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly in children. However, despite frequent molecular diagnosis, they are frequently ...

2023年7月17日 · The human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family of Paramyxoviridae. It is classified into four serotypes numbered from 1 to 4 (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4). Serotype 4 can even be more subdivided into HPIV-4A and HPIV-4B.

病毒（ virus ）是僅能在生物體活細胞內複製繁衍的亞顯微 [註 1] 病原體 [1] 。 它由核酸分子（DNA或RNA）与保护性外壳（蛋白质）构成的非细胞形态的类生物结构（bio-like structure），無法自行表現出生命現象，是介於生命体及非生命體之間的生化結構，既不是生物亦不是非生物，卻是寄生性自我複製 ...

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) have been recognized as a cause of respiratory tract infections for many decades. They belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and are classified into 4 serotypes. Serotype 4 can be further subdivided into 2 antigenic subtypes, HPIV-4A and HPIV-4B (1).

Four distinct serotypes of human parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to more severe lower respiratory tract disease, including laryngotracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.

2018年5月1日 · Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are members of the family Paramyxoviridae and circulate globally as four species. They are classified into two genera based on their genome, HPIV1 and HPIV3 as...