The Kingdom of Westphalia was created by Napoleon in 1807 by merging territories ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia in the Peace of Tilsit, among them the region of the Duchy of Magdeburg west of the Elbe river, the Brunswick-Lüneburg territories of Hanover and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and the Electorate of Hesse.

2019年11月26日 · Because Napoleon considered the Confederation of the Rhine to be primarily a military alliance, the Westphalian Army was of special importance. Its army was also organized completely on the French model. The authors describe the army’s structure and its employment, including its operations in Spain, Germany, and Russia.

The Battle of Ölper took place on 1 August 1809 in Ölper, currently a district of the town of Brunswick, as part of the War of the Fifth Coalition. It pitched troops of the Kingdom of Westphalia against the Black Brunswickers under Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, but ended in a tactical draw.

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the French First Republic (1803–1804) and First French Empire (1804–1815) under the First Consul and Emperor of the French Napoleon Bonaparte and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.

The Kingdom of Westphalia was artificially created by Napoleon Bonaparte for his brother Jerome; by annexing land previously owned by Hanover, Prussia and Hesse-Kassel. Westphalia joined the Confederation of the Rhine in November 1807 and served the French cause until the Allies eventually overran it, in September 1813.

The Landwehr and volunteers were essential in the success of the Prussian Army during the Wars of Liberation (1813-1815) against Napoleon. Their participation permitted the army to quadruple in size by August 1813 and become the cutting edge of the Allied Armies.

Napoleon required the new state to cede a substantial part of all crownland laying in Westphalia to give it as fiefs to his officers. Chapter three describes Napoleon’s brother Jerome as the least ambitious of all his siblings, who rightly received his lasting reputation as a womanizer living an extravagant lifestyle at his court.

In 1807, in the wake of two years of victories over the Austrians, Prussians, and Russians, Napoleon redrew the map of central Europe by fashioning a new German state. Dubbing it the Kingdom of Westphalia, he appointed his 23-year-old brother Jerome as its king.

The Kingdom of Westphalia was a client state of France in present-day Germany, that existed from 1807 to 1813. While formally independent, it was ruled by Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte. It was named after Westphalia, but this was a misnomer since the kingdom had little territory in common...

The Kingdom of Westphalia, a French satellite state ruled by Napoleon’s brother Jérôme [Hieronymus], comprised previously unconnected lands in central Germany east of the Rhine. Intended as a model Napoleonic state for emulation by other German rulers, it received the first modern written constitution in post-Holy Roman Empire Germany.