Laparoscopic Rives-Stoppa (Retromuscular Ventral Hernia Repair) Incisional Hernia Repair combined with Laparoscopic Transversus Abdominis Muscle Release (TAR): an effective approach to Complex Abdominal Wall Closure

Imagine going in for hernia surgery as a biological male and discovering you have internal female organs. 😮 That’s what happened to an individual in India diagnosed with Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) – a rare condition where male individuals retain female reproductive structures like a uterus and ovaries. PMDS usually goes unnoticed in some, making it a surprise discovery during surgeries for unrelated issues like hernias. This case reminds us of how complex and diverse the human bo