Foot calluses are thickened areas of skin that develop as a result of repeated friction or pressure on the feet. Common causes include ill-fitting shoes, high heels, and walking or standing for extended periods. Treatment typically includes using moisturizing creams or lotions, wearing comfortable shoes with appropriate support, and using a pumice stone or foot file to gently remove the thickened skin. In severe cases, a podiatrist may recommend custom orthotics or other medical interventions. �